8A Unit 1语法----形容词的比较等级

一、形容词介绍：

我们常常用形容词来说明人或事物的性质或特征。形容词最常见的用法是： ①用来修饰名词，常放在名词前面。 She has short hair. He is a clever boy. ②放在系动词（含be动词）后,构成系表结构。 Her hair is short. He feels happy. 二、在英语中，形容词和副词具有比较等级（包括：原级、比较级和最高级），我们这单

元主要学习形容词的比较等级，副词的比较等级与形容词类似。 三、形容词比较级和最高级的构成（见教材P9） Adjective （形容词） Comparative（比较级） Superlative（最高级） ①Most short adjectives +er +est (大多数短形容词) tall → taller →tallest small → smaller →smallest Short adjectives ending +r +st in e (以E结尾的短形容词) nice → nicer → nicest fine → finer → finest Short adjectives ending -y +ier -y +iest in a consonant + y (以辅音字母+y结尾的短形容词) pretty → prettier → prettiest easy → easier → easiest Short adjectives ending double the consonant +er double the consonant +est in a vowel + a consonant （双写辅音字母再+er） （双写辅音字母再+est） (以元音字母+辅音字母结尾的短形容词) slim → slimmer → slimmest big → bigger → biggest ⑤Long adjectives （长形+ more +most 容词，一般超过2个音节） beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful interesting → more interesting → most interesting important → more important → most important ⑥Special adjectives（特replace the word(替换这个replace the word(替换这个殊的形容词） 词) 词) good →better →best bad/ill →worse →worst old →older/elder →oldest/eldest far →farther/further →farthest/furthest 1

much/many →more →most little →less →least 四、形容词比较级和最高级的用法（见教材P8）

1、我们用比较级来比较两个人或物，在比较级后面我们一般加上一个than. Sandy’s hair is longer than Millie’s hair. My book is more interesting than his book. 2、我们用最高级来比较三个或更多的人或物，在最高级前面通常加一个the. He is the tallest boy in my class. This is the most expensive printer in the shop. 五、形容词比较级与最高级的特殊用法举例

① His bike is newer than hers. (见到than 必须用比较级)

② Jim is the tallest in our class.(在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围) ③ Jim is the tallest of all (the studens). (见到of all 要用最高级)

= Of all the students, Jim is the tallest.

④ Jim is the tallest of the three. (见到of the three要用最高级) ⑤Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? (两者比用比较级)

⑥Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ?（三者或三者以上比用最高级） ⑦This ruler is short , Please give me a longer one. 六、比较级与最高级的互换

1．Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高) = Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高) = Jim is the tallest in our class.（吉姆是我们班最高的）

2. Jim is taller than any girl in our class.（吉姆比我们班的任何一个女孩都高） 3.Tom isn’t as tall as Mike. = Tom is shorter than Mike. = Mike is taller than Tom. 七、比较级前常用的修饰语

比较级前常用a bit/a little（一点），much/a lot（非常）,even(更加)等词语表示程度。例如：

①She is a little taller than I (me).

②Rose is much more careful than Tom..

八、使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项 1. than必须放在形容词比较级的后面。

2. 形容词的最高级前必须有the, 而副词的最高级前the可以省略。 3. 在进行比较时，必须是同类事物相比较。

①His ruler is longer than I. (错) ②His ruler is longer than mine.(对)

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