交流电磁铁课程设计

课程设计任务书

课程名称： 电 器 课 程 设 计 题 目： 交流电磁铁的设计

专业班级： 学生姓名： 学号： 指导老师： 审 批：

任务书下达日期：2012年 月 日 设计完成日期：2012年 月 日

1

设计内容与设计要求 一、设计内容 交流电磁铁的设计 二、设计要求 1、反力特性计算。 2、电磁铁结构形式和设计点的选择。 3、电磁铁的初步设计（线圈设计，分磁环设计）。 4、性能验算。 5、所需材料的重量及经济重量。 6、利用计算机计算程序进行优化设计，检查手算结果是否正确，并分析原因。 7、画出反力特性和吸力特性的曲线图。 8、电磁铁总装配图1张。 2

主要设计条件 1、主触头参数： （1）、开距 β1=5mm （2）、超程 γ1=3mm （3）、初压力 F01=8N （4）、终压力 Fz1=10N （5）、触头数 n1=6 2、辅助触头参数： （1）、开距 β2=6mm （2）、超程 γ2=2mm （3）、初压力 F02=0.75N （4）、终压力 Fz2=1N （5）、触头数 常闭触头n2=4 ;常开触头n3=4 3、释放弹簧参数： （1）、初始弹簧力 Fs0=14N （2）、弹簧钢度 C=0.5N/mm 4、线圈电压及允许电压波动范围 （1）、线圈额定电压 UN =220V / 380V （2）、电压允许波动范围 （0.85∽1.1）*UN 5、线圈耐热等级和允许温升 （1）、耐热等级 B级 （2）、允许温升 70℃ 6、工作制形式：长期工作制 / TD%=40% 说明书格式 1．装订格式：全部采用课程设计专用纸，竖装。 2．装订顺序：课程设计报告书封面；任务书；说明书目录；正文；附件（机算结果、图纸等）；结语；参考文献；评分表。

3

进 度 安 排 星期一上午：布置任务并分组； 星期一下午：查阅资料； 星期二至星期三：手工计算； 星期四至星期五：上机优化设计并打印结果； 星期一至星期四：画装配图，打印出图纸，编写课程设计说明书 星期五下午：答辩 参 考 文 献 1．《电器原理与产品—交流电磁铁设计指导书》讲义 2．《低压电器设计手册》周茂祥主编，机械工业出版社出版 3．《低压电器》方鸿发主编，机械工业出版社出版 4．《电器学》贺湘琰主编，机械工业出版社出版

4

目录

第一章 手工计算 ························································································ 1

1.1 反力特性计算 ················································································· 1 1.1.1 电磁铁工作气隙计算 ······························································· 1 1.1.2 各部分反力计算 ······································································· 1 1.1.3 衔铁各位置反力计算 ······························································· 2 1.2 选择电磁铁结构形式并确定设计点 ················································ 5 1.3 电磁铁的初步设计 ············································································ 6 1.3.1 确定铁芯尺寸 ··········································································· 6 1.3.2 计算线圈的匝数 ······································································· 6 1.3.3 初算线圈磁势 ··········································································· 6 1.3.4 计算线圈的尺寸 ······································································· 7 1.3.5 分磁环设计 ··············································································· 7 1.3.6 确定其它结构尺寸 ··································································· 8 1.4 性能验算 ··························································································· 10 1.4.1 线圈电阻 ··················································································· 10 1.4.2 计算衔铁闭合位置工作气隙磁通 ············································ 10 1.4.3 计算衔铁闭合位置线圈电流···················································· 11 1.4.4 计算线圈温升 ··········································································· 13 1.4.5 计算衔铁在设计点的气隙磁通 ················································ 13 1.4.6 计算线圈感抗 ··········································································· 14 1.4.7 计算线圈电流 ··········································································· 14 1.4.8 计算线圈反电动势 ··································································· 15 1.4.9 计算工作气隙磁通 ··································································· 15 1.4.10 计算平均吸力 ········································································· 15

5

1.4.11 计算衔铁闭合位置最小吸力 ·················································· 15 1.5 计算电磁铁材料重量及经济重量 ···················································· 17 第二章 计算机优化设计 ············································································ 18 2.1 准备 ··································································································· 18 2.2计算机优化设计步骤 ········································································· 18 2.3计算机优化设计结果 ········································································· 19 2.4 反力特性和吸力特性曲线 ································································ 21 第三章 制图 ································································································ 21 3.1 制图要求 ··························································································· 21 3.2 电磁铁总装配图················································································ 21 结语 ··············································································································· 22 附录 电磁铁总装配图 ················································································ 23 参考文献 ········································································································ 24 电器课程设计评分表 ···················································································· 25

6

第二章 计算机优化设计

2.1 准备

笔；U盘（到计算机拷贝）；打印纸1到3张；手算草稿。

2.2 计算机优化设计步骤

1、将设计步骤用QBASIC语言编写出来； 2、对设计点的数据进行优化设计的操作顺序：

1）开机——插入磁盘——进入DOS状态——显示A——键入“BASIC”——键入“LOAD C10”（文件名）——键入“LIST 105-106”——将105句的所有数据改为手算时的对应值——按“回车键”确定。

2）按“RUN”键——计算机将显示算出的电磁铁设计参数——结果判定（见手工计算程序中的判定原则，如不合理，修改有关参数，直至合格）——存盘。

3）将设计点的气隙值输入——按“回车键”——输入85%UN——按“回车键”——按同样的方法依照气隙值由大到小的顺序分别输入其它四点的气隙值及85%UN，并对结果进行分析，如不合格，修改有关参数，再计算，直至所有的气隙设计数据合格。

4）代入包括设计点在内的所有“F*L”中的最大值，算出Fmin、m1、m2、m。

程序中第105句中符号与手算中符号如下表所示：

7

2.3 优化设计结果

SC= 3.950228E-04 AA= .021 BB= .021 NN= 1891 IN= 418.0843 HH= .024 CC= .015 DM= .35 S1= .0001071 S2= .0002499 RK= 7.174022E-04 LK= .07208 SK= 2.59222E-06

BK= .001 AA1= .022 BB1= .026 AA2= .052 BB2= .056

AX= .019 BX= .021 AE= .021 BE= .021 LI= .025 I= .2168151 IA= 9.462393E-02 IR= .1950772 R110= 66.69201 P= 3.135111 TW= 68.13324 S= .0045648 L=? 0.008 U=? 187

L= .008 U= 187 G10= 6.859751E-08 G11=

8

6.859751E-08

G2= 2.54995E-06 G4= 2.873542E-08 KG= 1.837798 XL= 69.06908 I0= 1.947667 EE= 134.5236 KN= .7193774 Q1= 1.743637E-04

GG10=-7.957487E-06 GG11=-7.957487E-06 FF= 25.70642 FL= .2056514 L=? 0.006 U=? 187

L= .006 U= 187 G10= 8.982489E-08 G11= 8.982489E-08

G2= 2.54995E-06 G4= 2.873542E-08 KG= 1.63981 XL= 80.37247 I0= 1.790515 EE= 143.9081 KN= .7695618 Q1= 2.090485E-04

GG10=-1.415528E-05 GG11=-1.415528E-05 FF= 38.33447 FL= .2300068 L=? 0.003000001 U=? 187

L= 3.000001E-03 U= 187 G10= 1.699966E-07 G11= 1.747898E-07 G2= 2.54995E-06 G4= 2.873542E-08 KG= 1.338071 XL= 122.2506 I0= 1.342823 EE= 164.1609 KN= .8778658 Q1= 2.922444E-04

GG10=-5.666553E-05 GG11=-5.665442E-05 FF= 83.71738

9

FL= .2511522 L=? 0.002 U=? 187

L= .002 U= 187 G10= 2.54995E-07 G11= 2.597771E-07

G2= 2.54995E-06 G4= 2.873542E-0 KG= 1.22538 XL= 165.295 I0= 1.049134 EE= 173.4167 KN= .927362 Q1= 3.37113E-04

GG10=-1.274975E-04 GG11=-1.274864E-04 FF= 111.4093 FL= .2228187 L=? 0.00005 U=? 187

L= .00005 U= 187 G10= 1.01998E-05 G11= 1.020456E-05

G2= 2.54995E-06 G4= 2.873542E-08 KG= 1.005635 XL= 1912.34 I0= 9.772657E-02 EE= 186.8864 KN= .9993924 Q1= 4.426831E-04

GG10=-.203996 GG11=-.203996 FF= 192.1296 FL= 9.606478E-03 FL=? 0.2511522

Q20= 4.365391E-04 RK= 9.298319E-04 Q1M= 2.59128E-04

Q2M= 2.577914E-04 FF1= 124.6936 FF2= 52.89023 FMIN= 155.6559 M1= .2315938 M2= .578214 M= 3.582634

10

Press any key to continue

2.4 反力特性和吸力特性曲线

11

第三章 制图

3.1 制图要求

1、所有零部件尺寸均按计算机算出的尺寸制图；

12

2、所有图纸均应符合机械制图国标的要求； 3、比例适当，标注齐全，图样工整。

3.2电磁铁总装配图

电磁铁总装配图见附录。

结语

通过两个星期的电器课程设计，即交流电磁铁的设计，我对所学的知识又有了一次温故而知新的体验。

此次课程设计涉及到电器学很多方面的相关专业知识，如反力特性的计算，特性曲线的描绘，电磁铁结构形式的选择，材料的选择，性能的验算等等。并要用计算机进行优化设计，这又涉及到了QBASIC语言的相关知识。在设计过程中，要对自己所学的知识灵活运用。计算是一个繁琐的过程，其中有3个地方需要验证是否满足设计要求，如不满足就要重新选取参数并进行计算，这需要有很大的耐心。计算的精确与否关系到电磁铁能否正常工作，并影响电磁铁工作的安全性、可靠性与稳定性等，不能马虎。在设计的过程中，参数的适当选取是关键，要慢慢领会其中的技巧。

设计就是将所学的知识应用于实践，是一个发现问题并解决问题的过程。对于一个课程设计来讲，重要的并不在于你解决了多少问题，而在于你掌握了多少解决问题的方法。在这个过程中要学会独立思考并向老师和同学虚心请教，我觉得虚心请教要建立在独立思考的基础上才更有效果。在此要非常感谢赵老师和施老师对我的耐心教育和指导，指引我顺利地完成了此次课程设计。

13