初中英语同义词辨析

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HaBoEducation&Advisory Co., Ltd. 教师 学科 授课题目 侯晓明 英语 2015年 月 日 （ ： — ： ） 教材名称 人教版 九年级 英语 课 次 第（ ）次课 常用同义词和近义词辨析 1.a few ,few ,a little ,little A few和a little表示有一些；few和little表示几乎没有。 A few 和few修饰可数名词；a little和little修饰不可数名词 2.Used的用法 ①used to do过去常常，曾经习惯干某事。例子I used to watch TV in the evening ，but now I have to study. be/get used to doing/n. 习惯于干某事。后可接名词、代词或动名词。例子He is used to getting up early. be used to do=be used for doing 被用来干某事。例子，The box can be used to store books. 3.after ,at ,on ,ago ,before ,in ,later等与时间连用的词 After+时间点用于一般将来时 例子He usually studies after 5 o’clock after+时间段用于一般过去时 例子after two days studying Later表示时间时，常用去过去时 段时间+later。例如 three years later Before+时间点 表示在某个时间之前例如 I usually get up before 6:00 Ago 段时间+ago,用于过去时态中，three days ago In表示时间时，常用于将来时in+段时间。例如 I will come back in two weeks。 in，on＆at表示时间 in：上下晚，月季年，in the day要记心间。 on：星期几，当某天，限定三时on来添。 at：at noon，at night，后面也跟时间点。 4.Also， too ，either， as well都是“也”的意思 Either用于否定句中，too用于肯定句中，两者都是用于句尾； Also用于句中，as well 用于句尾。 5.other，others ， another，the other 5.quickly ,fast ,soon 区分 Quickly表示动作的迅速程度，fast表示速度快，soon表示时间上的迅速，有“很快，不久”的意思。 6.because ，since ，as ，for表示原因的程度递减 Because+句子，表示引起主句的主要原因；as表示附加的原因；for是对主句动作的进一步解释或者说明，理由一般放在主句之后；since表示的不是根本原因，而是一种自然的结果 Because 和because of也不相同。 Because为连词，表示原因后面必须加句子，如I can’t go out because it is raining now因为下雨了，我现在不能出去 。而because of表示原因+名词，动名词或者代词，如：I can’t go out because of the rain。 7.bring ，take ，fetch辨析 Bring带到说话人处，常与here搭配；take表示带到远处去，常与there搭配；fetch是“去拿来”的意思，相当于go to take...back borrow，lend ，keep辨析 Borrow表示说话人向别人借某物； lend表示说话人借出自己的东西给别人； keep表示借的时间，后常加时间段 8.leave和forget Leave sth./sb.(behind)忘了带或者丢下某人某物 I left my bag on the bus. Forget 忘记去做forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（不记得做没做）I forget eating breakfast我不知道我有没有吃早饭 Forget to do sth.忘记去做某事，（还没有做）I forget to eat breakfast 忘记去吃早餐了 9，below和under，below指的是抽象概念中的下面，有接下来的意思，under表示垂直方向的下面。 10.Look for ，find ， find out， discover ，invent辨析 Look for表示寻找的动作过程 Find out表示通过努力发现事实的 第 1 页

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HaBoEducation&Advisory Co., Ltd. Discover原本就存在却没被发现的东西，后来被发现 Invent发明创造，原本没有的东西 11.true和real Real强调原料的真实性，物质的真实性，如：My gold ring is real. True 强调事实的真实性，常指精神方面，理性方面，如：Tom is true man. 12,spend ,cost , pay , take的辨析 Take表示花费时间，常用句式“It takes sb.some time to do...” Cost 表示花费金钱，主语是物 Pay表示“为„„付款”主语为人，常与“for”连用 Spend 既可以表示花费时间，也可以表示花费金钱，主语为人，spend some time in doing sth和spend money on sth 13.see ，look ，watch Look表示看的动作，see表示看的内容，结果；watch表示观看欣赏。 14.say ，tell ，speak ， talk辨析 say指说话的内容 tell表示告诉某人某事，一般加双宾语 讲故事只能用tell speak表示讲话，讲某种语音只能用speak talk表示谈论某事talk to sb告诉某人，talk about sth谈论某事，talk with sb.和某人互相交流 15. 关于other相关短语的辨析 the other 表示两者中的另一个或两部分中的另一部分，后可接单数名词或复数名词，意为“另一个；另一部分” one…the other… 一个...另一个... He has two brothers. One is a teacher, the other one is a doctor. There are forty students in our class, twenty-two are girls, the other eighteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内“其他的,剩余的（人或物）”，是the other Here are ten books. Six of them are mine, the others are Tom’s. 的复数形式。相当于the other+名词复数 other 形容词，意为“其他的” other+名词复数 替他的... any other +名词单数 其他任何一个 We learn Chinese, Math, English, and other subjects. others 代词，泛指“其他的人或物”，相当于other+名词复数。 Some students are doing homework, others are talking loudly. some...others...一些...其他的... 泛指同类事物中的另一个，只能代替或修饰单数名词。 I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 有生气的，愉快的；活泼的，可爱的 活着的，健在的，可作表语和定语，作表语时，等于alive 活着的，多作表语，作定语时需后置 活的，现场直播的，实况的，只能作定语，一般不指人 She is a lively girl. We now know that there are no living things on the moon. His father is still living. = His father is still alive. He must be alive, for he is still breathing slightly. My mother bought a live fish this morning. another 16辨析lively, living, alive, live ，四者均是形容词。 lively living alive live 17,like love , prefer enjoy 辨析。 Love比like更进一步 love(like)to do sth喜欢去干某事。Love（like）doing sth喜欢干某事，表示经常性的动作 Prefer表示“更喜欢”prefer A to B 和B比较起来更喜欢A 第 2 页

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HaBoEducation&Advisory Co., Ltd. Enjoy有享受欣赏的意思，enjoy doing sth/ 18.much ,many , a lot of(lots of) ,plenty of辨析 Much修饰不可数名词；many修饰可数名词；a lot of（lots of）和plenty既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数 19.情态动词辨析 表示可能性由大到小：must can could may might 用法：must表示主观看法，必须一定 Can表示自己有能力，自己能力的许可范围内，有一定的可能 May表示请求许可时，比can语气更委婉正式 must表示主观该做的事情；have to 表示客观条件必须做的事情；need表示有做的需要 ④maybe和may be辨析：maybe是副词，表示也许可能置于句首 may be 是词组，表示“可能，是”放在主语后 20.very ，so， quiet ，和too的辨析 Very和quite都表示“很，非常”，但是用法不同，如：a very big box=quite a big box； So 表示“如此„„” to表示“太„„”含有贬义 21.reach ，arrive in（at) ，get to辨析 Reach 是及物动词，直接加名词。 Arrive是不及物动词，要加in/at 才能跟名词 get to要连用不能拆开 22.while和when都表示当„„的时候。但是while更强调同步性多用于进行时，还有转折的意义，表示“而” 23.such和so辨析，都表示“如此„„” 用法不同，so+形容词或副词，such+名词（词组），如such a beautiful picture=so beautiful a picture. 24.wear ，put on 和dress wear表示穿着wear+衣物，指状态； put on+衣物，指穿衣服的动作 dress+人，表示“打扮” 25，how often， how soon ,how long 辨析 how often表示事情发生的频率； how soon表示多久以后，多对“in+一段时间”提问； how long表示多长时间。 26.across ，through ，crossing辨析 across表示“横穿，跨越某个平面”如：across the road trough表示“穿越，从中间穿越” 如：through the wood crossing 是名词，十字路口 27.in front of和in the front of辨析 in front of表示在个体外面的前面；in the front of表示在某个范围内的前面。 28.take after和look like辨析 take after表示由于血缘关系而（脾气，秉性，性格等方面）相似，如She takes after her mother她像她妈妈 look like看起来像，多指外貌。如：She looks like her mother 她长得像她妈妈 29.in the end ，at the end of 和by the end of 辨析 in the end表示最终，相当于at last; at the end of +名词，表示在„„的末尾 by the end of表示“到„„末尾为止 30.much too 和too much much too+形容词或者副词，表示“太„„”如：the question is much too difficult for me too much+不可数名词，表示“太多的”如：I have too much homework to do 31.Try try to do..表示“竭尽全力去做„„”，强调付出一定的努力，如：I try to look for my lost pen，but I failed try doing..表示“尝试，试图做„„”不一定付出努力。 32,希望之分 hope(wish) to do sth ,hope(wish)+that 从句 wish sb to do sth,，没有wish sb to do sth 33.low/high和cheap/expensive,英语中表示价格的高低有两种方法 （1)low/high 表示“价格低/高”如the price of the shoes is so high that I can’t afford them （2)cheap/expensive表示“物品的贱/贵”如The shoes are so expensive that I can/t afford them *尽管他们表达的意思一样，但是搭配不同“物品有贵贱，价格有高低” 第 3 页

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HaBoEducation&Advisory Co., Ltd. 34.a number of和the number of a number of 表示“一定数量，若干”谓语动词用复数 the number of表示“„„的数量”谓语动词用单数。 35.so...that和so that 的区别 so...that表示“’如此„„以至于„„”引导结果状语从句。如：the movie was so sad that it made us cry. so that 有两种意思（1）表示“为了„„”引导目的状语从句，同 in order that相近。如： He got up very early so that he could catch the first bus.他起的那么早是为了赶上早班车 (2)表示“结果„„，以至于„„”也可以引导结果状语从句。如 He get up very early so that he caught the first bus,他起的那么早结果赶上了早班车。 36.lead...to和lead to lead...to表示“引„„到„„，影响/导致„„（去做）”如this way can lead you to the place where you want to go. Teachers should lead students to talk about this question。老师应该引导学生去谈论这个问题 lead to表示“导致„„引起„„”强调结果或者影响。如smoking may lead偷cancers. 37.alone 、lone 和lonely alone 表示“自己单独一个人”不含有感情色彩 lonely指人孤独寂寞，指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的伤感色彩，可做定语或者表语。 如：she lives alone，but she doesn’t feel lonely他独自住着，但是并不感觉孤单。 lone指人孤独，指物是单独的一个，是定语形容词 a lone man 38.hard 和hardly，hard表示“努力，坚硬，困难”；hardly是副词表示“几乎不？ 练习题 1.This English newspaper is very easy for the students because there are_________new words in it。 A.little B.a little C.few D.a few 2.Tthey can’t speak French。We can’t______. A.too B.so C.either D.as well 3.Please write to me as_____as possible when you reach Beijing. A.quickly B.fast C.soon D.quick 4.Why are you late for class?__________I took the wrong bus. A.Since B.As C.For D.Because 5.let’s____to the picnic place.the others have already got there. A.begin B .start C.begins D.starts 6.it’s cold outside.maybe it is_____zero A.below B.under C. Over D .behind 7.His house stood________a river and a forest. A .over B. Among C .between D. Before 8.how much does the ticket________from Shanghai to Beijing. A. Spend B.cost C.paid D.took 9.He can ______Russian，so he often____________us in Russian。 A.tell ，talk B。Speak，talks to C .talks ,speak D.say ,talks with 10.they ______Lucy twice a month. So they do.Lucy misses them very much. A.hear of B.hear C.hear from D.listen to 11.This TV set is very expensive，so he spend A. Many B。Much C a lot D. Lot of 12.Tom runs______fast that we can’t catch up with him. A.too B. Quite C very D so 13.We can ________books from libraries，but we should______it to libraries on time. A.lend,return B.lent,returns C borrow，return D borrows returns 14.______do you go to see your aunt?Three times a week. A.how often B.how soon C.how long D .how many. 第 4 页

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HaBoEducation&Advisory Co., Ltd. 15.They beat our team_____.They are the winners. A.at the end of B.in the end C.by the end of D. At the end. 16.I often eat lunch at home,but______I have it at school. A sometimes B some time C sometime D some times 17.There was nothing______a desk in the room. A expect. B.besides C.only D. but 18.Be careful when you walk________the street. A. Across B。 Cross C through D though 19 Don’t be worried;the plane will arrive at the airport ________ A.in time B.at time C.on time D for time 20.There are_______books in this library,and_____the books is 30,000. A.a number of, numbers of B.a number of ,the number C.a number of ,the number of D.the number of ,a number of 21.Remember to ______the lights before you leave the classroom. A,turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down 22.This kind of apple______delicious .I want more. A.tastes B.smells C. looks D.seems 23How long can I_____the magazine ?For two weeks. A.borrow B.lend C return D.keep. 24.Thank you for_______the pictures on the wall. With pleasure. A.putting on B.putting off C.putting up D. Putting down 25.With the development of the society,parents____more and more money on their children’s education. A.take B cost C.pay D.spend 26When Miss Green began to ______something,the two boys stopped ______and became quiet. A.speak ,telling B.talk,speaking C.say ,talking D,tell,saying 27.Hey.Bruce________!There is a car coming. A.work out B.Find out C.Try out D.Look out 28.I’m sorry.Mr.Wang.I_____my homework at home.That’s OK.But don’t forget______it to school tomorrow. A.forgot , to take B.left, to bring C.forgot, to bring D.left ,to take 29.I think English is more useful than Chinese. I don’t______you.They are both useful. A .get on with. B.catch up with C.talk with D,agree with 30.You’ve stayed in the school for several days,haven’t you?Yes,I think I’ll be here for______more days. A. A little B.little C. a few D.few. 31.Shall we call for a taxi?OK,let me____the phone number in the phone book. A .look up B.look for C.look at D.look after. 32.When shall we start? Let’s_____it 9:30,Is that all right. A. Have B.make C meet D take 33.When he______home,he saw his mother cleaning the room. A got up B.got back C,got off D got on 34.Would you please drive faster?My flight is____. A.taking off B.getting off C.running off D.putting off 35.Our sports meeting has been______till next Monday because of the bad weather. A.put on B.put up C put off D put down. 36.I didn’t go to the park with my classmates,because my mother asked me to____my little sister at home. A .look after B.look at C. Look for D. Look like 37.I’d like something to______.Would you please pass me the book? A.read B.look C.see D.watch 38.He couldn’t _____an answer when I asked him why he was late. 第 5 页

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HaBoEducation&Advisory Co., Ltd. A.come over B.come up. C.come out D .come up with 39.If you still have any other question ,please _____your hand A,put off B.put down C. Put on D.put up 40.Study hard.______trying,and you’ll be successful in the end。 A keep up B keep on C keep off D put up 41.Your school things are here and there.Will you please________? A.throw them out B.put them away C.throw about them D.put away them. 42.I_______most of the TV programs because I was too busy then. A. Missed B.watched C.have seen D.lost 43.Tony’s sister was badly ill,so he had to___his home at once. A.arrive in B。Set off C leave for D. Go off 44.Our team____theirs by the score 2-1 in the final football match. A,won B,hit C.beat D,failed. 45.Though she is a slow leaner ,she has____her classmates after a year’s hard work. A.fed up with B.caught up with C.come up with. D.got on well with 46.The earth is our home.We must ______it clean. A.change B.sweep C.keep D.build 47.what_____the number of the girls in your class? A..is B. Am C.are D.be 48.How long have you_____the motorbikes? For about two weeks. A.bought B.had C .borrowed D.lent. 49.What’s this desk ______?Wood A.made from B.made of C.made in D.made into 50.Please _____the box carefully。It is filled with glasses. A.put down B. Put on C.put off D.put together 51.We are pleased that more and more businessmen want to______factories in China。 A.look up B.clean up C. Pick up D open up 52.Last summer we drove to Tibei ,our car_____on the half way and we had to call the police to ask for help. A.broke up B.broke off. C.broke down D.broke. 53.Maybe there is something wrong with my car.I can’t_____it. A.move B. Begin C. Start D. Work. .Do you think the football team will win the match? Yes ,we have better players.So I ____them to win. A.hope B.ask C. Help D. Expect 55.students at Green High School often _____books from their school library and can_____them for a week. A.borrow ,borrow B.borrow keep C.lend ,keep D.keep. Borrow 56.The boy is helpful .He often ____the students’ exercise books for the teaches。 A.gives up B.gives out C.gives away D.gives in 57John____his mother.He is quite similar to her. A.looks at. B.looks after C.takes after D.takes off. 58.You are not allowed to _____advertisements on this wall without the special permissions。 A.put down B. Put on C put up. D put off. 59.Twenty-one countries_____the APEC meeting in Shanghai in 2001. A.joined B.join C.took part in D.take part in 60.She was born in Shanghai ,but she ____living in Beijing now. A.used to B.is used to C.was used to D .got used to. 61.Excuse me.Where’s the nearest market?Walk along this road,and______the second turning on the left. A.do B.go C.make D.take 62.Don’t____your lessons.We’ll help you. 第 6 页

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HaBoEducation&Advisory Co., Ltd. A,worry B .worried about C.worry abou63.The windows is broken.Try to____who broke it A find out B.find C.look .Do you know him well?Sure,we_____friends for three years. A.were B.have become C.have been 65Don’t______-too late,or you will feel tired tomorrow. I won’t,Mum A.get up B.stay up C.wake up 答案1-5CCCDB 6-10ACBBC 11-15BDCAB 16-20CDACC 21-25BADCD 26-30CDBDC 31-35ABBAC 36-40AADDB 41-45BACCB 46-50CABBA 51-55DCCDB 56-50BCCCB 51-55DCACB t D.be afraid D,look for D have made D.make up

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