饲料植物-中国动物园协会

第7章

BROWSE PLANTS

饲料植物名录

The following list includes browse plants commonly used among zoological institutions. The list is printed twice: alphabetically by scientific name and then by common name. Each list also contains browsing animals and general comments. As noted in the comments section, some of these plants may include physical (thorns) or chemical elements (toxicity) that can be harmful to animals at particular plant life stages (older leaves) or in particular portions of the plant (seeds). In addition, many of these plants are excellent browse plants in moderation, but may be harmful if fed in excess, or if fed to a particular species, young or debilitated animals. It is important to establish and follow protocols and to utilize the expertise of available nutritionists, veterinarians, and horticulturists to maximize the benefits of browse.

下述名录列出了动物园常用的饲料植物。此名录印刷两次：先按字母顺序印出学名，然后再按字母顺序印出通用名。各表还收录了草食动物和一般备注。如备注部分的内容，一些植物可能包括了在特定的植物生命阶段（老叶片）或植物的特定部分（种子）可危害动物的物理（刺）或化学元素（毒性）。此外，许多此类植物适量使用的话，是优质的饲料植物，但是若过量喂食或喂食给特定物种、年幼或衰弱的动物，许多植物则是有害的。制定和遵守指南、利用可用的营养学家、兽医和园艺家将草食的益处最大化很重要。

Using plants for enrichment

利用植物进行丰容

Most animals in the wild have an intimate relationship with the plants in their natural habitats. Plant material can be a food source, shelter, nesting material, locomotive avenue, visual or protective barrier, medicinal aide, scent-marking tool or vehicle for play. Many plants rely on and encourage animals to feed from them to distribute seeds and pollen. Some are protected from excessive browsing with adaptations, including thorns, bitter taste and toxic properties. Wild animals may have the benefit of parental instruction and/or spend their entire lives learning how to use the plants found in their habitats.

大部分野生动物在其自然栖息地与植物有密切的关系。植物体可以是食物来源、隐蔽处、筑巢材料、移动通道、视觉或保护屏障、药剂、气味标记工具或玩具。许多植物依靠并促进动物食用自己以传播种子和花粉。一些通过适应性的改变防止被过度食用，如长刺、苦味和毒性。野生动物可得益于父母教导和/或用其一生学习如何利用其栖息地找到植物。

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Plants can be one of the most effective tools available to increase complexity in an otherwise \"sterile\" captive environment. Plants can soften the look of an enclosure, provide arboreal opportunities, provide shelter, food, visual barriers, olfactory stimulation, nesting materials and toys. For captive animals that do not have the benefit of parental or peer instruction, it is critical that animal caretakers recognize the benefits and risks associated with the use of different plants. Careful consideration of the types of plants placed within the reach of captive animals can minimize the risks while maximizing the many benefits plants can provide.

植物可成为提高其“无菌”圈养环境复杂性的最有效工具之一。植物可使场馆看起来柔和，让他们有机会能栖息在树上，提供隐蔽处、食物、视觉屏障、嗅觉刺激、筑巢材料和玩具。对于不能受教于父母或同类的圈养动物，有一点至关重要，那就是动物看护人员要认识到利用不同植物的好处和风险。仔细考虑放在圈养动物可触及位置的植物类型可以将风险最小化，并将植物可提供的益处最大化。

On the plant lists that follow, you may see the same plant listed as both a toxic plant and as a browse plant depending on the stage of the plant's life, the part of the plant used and the animals and their condition that are being exposed to it. To determine which list to place a plant on for your zoo, please seek the guidance of support staff from various departments in your zoo and always follow established protocols to minimize risks when implementing any enrichment.

在下列植物名录中，你会发现同一植物当其生命阶段、使用部位、食用动物和条件不同时，有时会被列为有毒植物，有时则列为饲料植物。为了确定适用于动物园的植物的目录，请寻求动物园各部门专业人员的指导并始终遵守制定的指南，以在实施任何丰容改进时将风险最小化。

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name 拉丁名

Abelia species Abies balsamea Abies concolor Abies species

Common Name Browsing Animals 通用名 食草动物 Abelia elephants 六道木 大象 Balsam Fir 香脂冷杉 White Fir 白冷杉

Evergreens, Christmas Trees 常青树、圣诞树 Wintertorn 微白金合欢

Acacia brevispica Hoofstock 短穗金合欢 有蹄类动物 Cyclops Acacia all 巨相思树 全部 Silver Wattle 白粉金合欢 Cedar Wattle

顶生金合欢

Comments

备注

cut Christmas trees 砍作圣诞树

Acacia albida Acacia brevispica Acacia cyclopis Acacia dealbata Acacia elata Acacia farnesiana

thorns may be hazardous 带刺，可能有危险

Sweet Acacia 鸭皂树

Acacia longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle

长叶相思树

Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood

rhino 金犀牛

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Acacia redolens Acacia saligna Acacia seiberiana 'Woodii'

Acacia species Acer negundo

黑木金合欢 Acacia

匍匐金合欢

rhino 金犀牛

thorns may be hazardous 带刺，可能有危险

Blue Leaf Wattle

黄花金合欢

all leaves 全部 食叶

Acer platanoides primates, hoofstock leaves, stems, bark

灵长类、有蹄类动物 食叶、茎、树皮

Acer rubrum all except horse leaves and bark may be toxic to

species horse species Red Maple

除了马以外的全部叶和树皮可能对马一类的物种有红花槭

种类 毒。

Acer saccharinum Silver Maple all leaves, stems, bark

银白槭 全部 食叶、茎、树皮

Acer saccharum Sugar Maple all leaves, branches, bark

糖槭 全部 食叶、枝、树皮

Acmena smithii Monkey Apple hoofstock, primates leaves, fruit, berries

澳洲赤楠 有蹄类动物，灵长类 食叶、果实、浆果

Acorus calamus Sweetflag prairie dog, capybara

菖蒲 草原土拨鼠、水豚

Actinida aguta Hardy Kiwi fruit eaters harvest fruit only

软枣猕猴桃 食果实的动物 仅收获果实

Actinidia deliciosa Chinese Gooseberry Vine fruit eaters vine and fruit browsable

美味猕猴桃 食果实的动物 藤和果实可喂食

Adiantum caudatum Maidenhair Fern hoofstock leaves

铁线蕨 有蹄类动物 食叶

Agastache Anise Hyssop fruit bats leaves and flowers foeniculum 茴藿香 果蝠 食叶和花 Ailanthus altissima colobus, silver leaf leaves

Tree of Heaven

languar 食叶

臭椿

疣猴、银叶猴

Akebia quinata 5 Leaf Akebia hoofstock leaves

五叶木通 有蹄类动物 食叶

Ajuga repens Carpet Bugleweed fruit bats leaves and flowers

匍匐筋骨草 果蝠 食叶和花

Albizia julibrissin Silk Tree, Mimosa all can also hang as sparring partner

木棉树、含羞草 全部 也可作为丰容器具悬挂

Allium species giraffe toxic to livestock and dogs,

olfactory for cats onions, chives 长颈鹿

对牲畜和狗有毒，猫闻着会有刺洋葱、细香葱

鼻的味道

Alnus species Alder all

桤木 全部

Aloysia triphylla Lemon Verbena hoofstock leaves

柠檬马鞭草 有蹄类动物 食叶

Alpinia species Ginger primates, capybara

山姜 灵长类、水豚

Almelanchier Serviceberry fruit eaters harvest fruit only alniofolia 花楸 食果实的动物 仅收获果实 Antirrhinum majus Snapdragons fruit bats flowers

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Paperbark Thorn

屋得金合欢 吊金钱 Wattle 金合欢树 Box Elder 枘叶槭

Norway Maple 挪威槭

金鱼草

果蝠 食花

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name Common Name 拉丁名 通用名 Aphelandra Zebra Plant tetragona

银脉金叶木

Araucaira araucana

Monkey Puzzle Tree 智利南美杉

Arbutus unedo Strawberry Tree

杨梅树

Arctotis species African Daisy

非洲菊

Artemisia species Sagebrush

山艾树

Arundinaria species Bamboos

竹

Arundo donax Giant Reed

芦苇

Astrocaryum alatum Astrocaryum

具翼星棕

Atriplex canescens Four-winged Saltbrush

四翅滨藜

Balsamorhiza Balsamroot species 香根 Berberis species Barberry

伏牛花

Beta vulgaris Beet Greens

红菜头

Betula nigra River Birch

河桦

Betula papyrifera Paper Birch

纸桦

Bambusa species Bamboos 竹子

Basella alba Malabar Spinach 落葵

Blackberry Blackberry himilayan 黑莓

Bauhinia species Bauhinia 紫荆花 Bellis perennis Lawn Daisy

雏菊

Betua species

Birch 桦树

Bouganvillea species Bouganvillea

叶子花 Bouteloua species

Grama 格兰马草

Browsing Animals

Comments 食草动物 备注 fruit bats pollen 果蝠 食花粉 all 全部 all

全部

hoofstock leaves, flowers 有蹄类动物 食叶、花

hoofstock leaves 有蹄类动物 食叶 all, giraffe

全部、长颈鹿 fruit bats pollen 果蝠 食花粉

selenium poisioning 硒中毒 all

全部 all thorns may be hazardous 全部 带刺，可能有危险 fruit bats leaves 果蝠 食叶 fruit bats leaves 果蝠 食叶 all 全部 all 全部

hoofstock leaves 有蹄类动物 食叶

fruit eaters, giraffes, thorny varieties may be

goats hazardous

食果实的动物、长颈带刺品种，可能有危险 鹿、山羊

primates, hoofstock leaves 灵长类、有蹄类动物 食叶

tortoise flowers, caution: thorns may be 龟 hazardous

食花、注意：带刺，可能有危险

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Brachychiton populneus

Brassica chinensis

Bottle Tree 宝瓶树

Chinnese White Cabbage 小白菜

Brassica juncea Mustard Greens fruit bats

芥菜 果蝠

Brassica olearasea Broccoli, Collard, Kale, fruit bats

Cabbage 果蝠 西兰花、羽衣甘蓝、甘蓝菜、卷心菜

Brassica rapa Turnip, Bok Choy fruit bats

萝卜、白菜 果蝠

Bromeliaceae Bromeliads

观赏凤梨

Buchloe dactyloides Buffalo Grass

野牛草

Buddleia davidii Butterfly Bush

醉鱼草

Calathea crotalifolia Calathea fruit bats

肖竹芋 果蝠

Calendula species Calendula

金盏花

Calliandra Powderpuff fruit bats haematocephala 粉扑花 果蝠 Callicarpa species

Beautyberry

紫珠

Callirhoe alcacoides Poppy Mallow

罂粟葵

Callisia elegans Inch Plant

吊竹梅

Callistemon rigidus Bottle-Brush

红千层

all 全部 bats 蝙蝠

amount should be limited 应数量

amount should be limited 应数量 leaves 食叶

amount should be limited 应数量 pollen 食花粉

leaves and flowers 食叶和花

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name Common Name Browsing Animals 拉丁名 通用名 食草动物 Camellia japonica Camellia all

山茶花 全部

Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper all

凌霄花 全部

Cannas generalis Canna all

美人蕉 全部

Caragana Siberian Pea Shrub/ all, giraffe arborescens Tree 全部、长颈鹿

西伯利亚锦鸡儿

Carex species Sedge hoofstock

莎草 有蹄类动物

Carpinus American all caroliniana Hornbean 全部

美国鹅耳枥

Carissa grandflora Natal Plum

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Comments

备注

leaves, flowers 食叶、花 leaves 食叶

大花卡梨撒

Carthamus Spineless Safflower tinctorius 红花 Carya glabra Pignut Hickory

光滑山核桃

Carya illinoinensis Pecan

美洲山核桃

Casuarina Horsetail Tree equisethifolia 木麻黄

Catalpa speciosa Western Catalpa

黄金树

Celtis laevigata Sugar Hackberry

糖朴

Celtis occidentalis Common

Hackberry 美洲朴树

Centaurea species Knapweed

矢车菊

bats 蝙蝠

all 全部 hoofstock 有蹄类动物 all 全部 all 全部

leaves, stems, bark 食叶、茎、树皮

Related to starthistle: large amounts are toxic to horse species

与矢车菊属有关：大量对马一类的物种有毒

flowers, leaves, stems, bark. Fibrous- caution with langurs 食花、叶、茎、树皮 纤维——注意叶猴 leaves 食叶

Centranthus ruber Red Valerian

红缬草

Cerastium species Mouse-ear

Chickweed 卷耳

Ceratonia siliqua Carob

角豆树

Cercidiphyllum Katsura Tree japonicum 连香树

Cercis canadensis Redbud

美国紫荆

aviaries only 仅鸟类 all 全部 all 全部

primates 灵长类

Chaenomeles speciosa

Chamaedorea elegans

Chamaerops humilis

Chasmanthium latifolium Cheiranthus species

Chimonobambusa species

Chlorophytum comosum

Chrysalidocarpus luctescens

Flowering Quince 木瓜

Parlor Palm 袖珍椰子 Fan Palm

蒲葵

Northern Sea Oats all 燕麦草 全部 Wallflower all 桂竹香 全部 Bamboos 竹子

Spider Plant all 吊兰 全部 Areca Palm, all, hoofstock, dik leaves Butterfly Palm dik, bats 食叶 槟榔、散尾葵 全部、有蹄类动物、

犬羚属、蝙蝠

fruit bats 果蝠 fruit bats 果蝠

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Chrysuphyllum oliviforme

Satin Leaf

金叶小鳞山榄木

Cichorium endivia Escarole

莴苣菜 pollen 食花粉 leaves 食叶

Cinnamomum species

Cissus antarctica

Camphor Tree 樟脑树

Kangaroo Vine 袋鼠藤

Citrullus lanatus Watermelon

西瓜

Citrus aurantifolia Lime

柠檬

all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠

fruit 食果实 leaves 食叶

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name Common Name 拉丁名 通用名

Citrus aurantum Bouquet Orange

酸橙 Pink Lemonade Pink Lemonade

粉红柠檬水 Cladrastis lutea Yellow Wood

黄颜木

Clerodendrum Glory Bower species 龙船花

Clethra alnifolia Sweet Pepper Bush

美洲山柳

Coleus hybridus Coleus

锦紫苏

Columnea Goldfish Plant species 金鱼花 Commelina Asiatic Dayflower communis 亚洲鸭跖草 Coprosma Coprosma species 臭茜草 Coreopsis Tickseed species 金鸡菊 Coriandrum Coriander sativum 胡荽

Cornus species Dogwood

山茱萸

Browsing Animals 食草动物

Comments 备注

may cause hemosiderosis in rhino, do not feed to hedgehog

可能导致犀牛血铁质，不能饲喂刺猬。 may cause hemosiderosis in rhino, do not feed to hedgehog

可能导致犀牛血铁质，不能饲喂刺猬。 leaves 食叶 pollen 食花粉 all

全部可食

leaves, stems, bark, flowers^favored browse

食叶、茎、树皮、花^喜爱的饲料 do not browse with nuts on 有坚果时不能食用 pollen 食花粉

leaves, stems, bark 食叶、茎、树皮

all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠 fruit bats 果蝠 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部

Corylus species Hazelnut/Filbert Tree

榛子树

Costus spiralis Spiral Ginger fruit bats

旋转野姜花 果蝠

Cotoneaster Cotoneaster all species 栒子树 全部 Crataegus Hawthorn species 山楂 Cucurbita Pumpkin, Goards, all species Squash 全部

南瓜

Curcuma cordata Amethyst Hidden fruit bats

Ginger 果蝠 女王郁金

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flowers 食花

Cyathea Black Tree Fern medullaris 黑桫椤 Cydonia oblonga Quince fruit bats

温柏 果蝠

Cymbopogon Lemon Grass citratus 柠檬草

Cynara scolymus Globe Artichoke

朝鲜蓟

Cyperus Umbrella Sedge/Grass all, hoofstock alternifolius /Palm 全部、有蹄类动物

旱伞草

Cyrtomiun Holly Fern falcatum 耳蕨 Dahlbergia Sissoo sissoo 黄檀木 Dianthus Dianthus hoofstock chinensis 石竹 有蹄类动物 Dimorphotheca Cape Marigold all plufialis 白蓝菊 全部 Diospyros kaki Japanese Persimmon fruit bats

日本柿 果蝠

Diospyros Persimmons fruit eaters virginiana 柿子 食果实的动物

leaves

食叶

leaves, flowers 食叶、花 leaves 食叶 fruit 食果实

harvest fruit only, potential seed toxicity in native sp. 仅收获果实，本地物种中的潜在种子毒性。 leaves 食叶 leaves 食叶 leaves 食叶

Dolichos lablab Hyacinth Bean hoofstock, all

扁豆 有蹄类动物、全部

Dracaena Corn Plant hoofstock fragrans 香龙血树 有蹄类动物 Dryopteris Japanese Sword Fern hoofstock erythrosora 红盖鳞毛蕨 有蹄类动物 Dulichium Dwarf Bamboo Sedge arundinaceum 地被竹苔 Echinacea Purple Coneflower species 紫松果菊 Egeria Anacharis, Waterweed, canadensis Elodea

菲藻、伊乐藻

Eichhornia Water Hyacinth bears all crassipes 水葫芦 熊 全部可食 Elaeagnus Russian Olive hoofstock, black leaves, stems : caution, has thorns, use angustifolia rhino, bats before fruit sets 沙枣

有蹄类动物、黑犀食叶、茎：注意有刺，在挂果前使用 牛、蝙蝠

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name 拉丁名 Elaeagnus pungens Elaeagnus umbrellata

Common Name Browsing Animals 通用名 食草动物 Silverthorn, Thorny hoofstock Elaeagnus 有蹄类动物 银刺、胡颓子 Autumn Olive

秋橄榄

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Comments

备注

leaves: caution, has thorns 食叶：注意有刺 do not feed fruit 果实不能饲喂

Elaeis guineensis Feather Palm

羽叶棕榈

Elymus glaucus

Blue Lyme Grass, Wild Rye

蓝披碱草、野麦

Ensete

象腿芭蕉

ventricosum Epimedium Epimedium species

淫羊藿 Epipremnum pothos species 黄金葛

Eragrostis Purple Love Grass spectabilis 紫色画眉草 Eremochloa Centipede Grass ophiurides 蜈蚣草 Erianthus Plume Grass ravennae 蔗茅

Eriobotrya Loquat japonica 枇杷

Erythrina caffra Coral Tree 珊瑚树

Erythrina Cherokee-bean, herbacea Coralbean

珊瑚刺桐、珊瑚豆 Escalonia rosea Escalonia 鼠刺

Eucalyptus Eucalyptus, Gum Trees species

桉树、胶树

Eucomis bicolor

Pineapple Lily 凤梨百合花

Eugenia species Eugenia

番樱桃

Euonymus alatus winged euonymous

鬼箭羽

Eupatorium Throughwort species 兰香草

Fagus grandifolia American Beech

北美水青冈木

Fagus sylvatica

European Beech 欧洲水青冈木

Fargesia fungosa Bamboo

竹

Fatshedra lizei Fatshedra

八角金盘常春藤

Fatsia

Japanese Aralia, J Fatsia 八角金盘

Feijoa sellowiona Pineapple Guava

菠萝番石榴

Festuca species Fescue 牛毛草

Ficus benjamina Weeping Fig 垂叶榕

Ficus carica

Common Fig

rhino 犀牛

all

全部 toxic to cats

对猫有毒 hoofstock 有蹄类动物 fruit bats 果蝠

hoofstock fruit : caution seeds and leaves 有蹄类动物 can be toxic

果实：注意种子和叶有毒 bats flowers 蝙蝠 食花

koala, Australian birds, capsules only for birds, flowers for

bats bats

树袋熊、澳大利亚鸟胶囊仅针对鸟、花针对蝙蝠 类、蝙蝠 all 全部

leaf eating primates 食叶灵长类 leaf cutter ants leaves, stems 切叶蚁 食叶、茎 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 all

全部 all flowers for bats 全部 蝙蝠食花

must be endophyte free 必须无内生菌 primates, rhino favored browse 灵长类、犀牛 喜爱的饲料

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无花果

Ficus elastica Ficus lutea Ficus lyrata

印度榕 Zulu Fig

祖鲁无花果

rhino 犀牛 rhino 犀牛 rhino 犀牛 all 全部

hoofstock 有蹄类动物 colobus monkey 黑白疣猴

leaves, favored browse 食叶，喜爱的饲料

Fiddle-leaf Fig 琴叶榕

Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig

澳洲大叶榕

Ficus pumila Creeping Fig

薜荔

Filipendula Meadowsweet species 绣线菊

Firmiana species Parasol Tree

梧桐

Foeniculum vulgare Forestiera neomexicana

Florence Fennel 球茎茴香 Desert Olive

新墨西哥木犀

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name 拉丁名

Forsythia species

Common Name Browsing Animals 通用名 食草动物 Forsythia, Golden Bells primates, bats 连翘、金钟花 灵长类、蝙蝠

Fragaria species Strawberry

草莓

Fraxinus americana White Ash

美国白蜡树

Fraxinus excelsior Golden Ash

欧洲白蜡树

'Aurea' 'Aurea'

‘金斑香蜂花’

Fraxinus oxycarpa Desert Ash

尖果白蜡树

Fraxinus Green Ash, Pennsylvania Ash pennsylvanica 红梣木、宾夕法尼亚白蜡树 Fraxinus 'Raywood' Claret Ash

窄叶白蜡

Fraxinus velutina Arizona Ash, Fan Tex

亚历桑那光腊树、津白蜡

Fuchsia hybida Hybrid Fuchsia fruit bats

吊钟花 果蝠

Galium odoratum Sweet Woodruff all

香猪殃殃 全部

Gaillardia species Blanket Flower all

天人菊 全部

Gardenia Common Gardenia hoofstock jasminoides 山栀 有蹄类动物 Gardenia radicans Gardenia

栀子

Gaultheria Wintergreen all

253

Comments

备注 leaves 食叶

leaves and flowers 食叶和花

procumbens

Gaultheria shallon Gazania regens Geranium maculatum

Gerbera jamesonii

冬青 Salal

沙龙白珠树 Treasure Flower

勋章菊

Wild Geranium 野生老鸛草 Transvaal Daisy 非洲菊

Gilia species Gilia

吉莉草

Ginkgo biloba Maidenhair Tree, Ginkgo

白果树、银杏

Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust

皂荚树 Goodia lotifolia Gordonia lasianthus Grevillea species Grewia occidentalis Gunnera chilensis Hakonechloa macra 'areola'

Hamamelis mollis Hamamelis virginiana

Hamelia patens Harpephyllum caffrum

Hebe species Hedychium species Helianthus annus Heliconia species Helictotrichon sempervirens

Golden Tip 丁香树

Loblolly Bay 戈登木 Grevillea 银桦

Lavender Star Flower 星桑花

Gunnera, Dinosaur Food 根乃拉草（恐龙食物） Japanese Forest Grass 日本金林草 'areola' '果脐'

Chinese Witch Hazel 金缕梅

Witch Hazel 金缕梅 Firebush 长隔木 Kaffir Plum 漆仔树

Hebe, Sow's Ear 赫柏、Sow's Ear Ginger 姜花

Common Sunflower

向日葵

全部 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠 fruit bats 果蝠 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠

all, rhino 全部、犀牛

tortoise,elephant,bats,rhino 龟、象、蝙蝠、犀牛 all 全部

flower 食花

seed pods, favored browse

食果实，喜爱的饲料 flowers 食花 flowers 食花 pollen 食花粉 all

全部可食

feed entire plant 整棵植物可食 stems, leaves 食茎、叶

Lobster Claws 龙虾钳

Blue Oat Grass 蓝燕麦草

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

2

Botanical Name Common Name 拉丁名

通用名 Hemerocallis Daylily species 黄花菜 Hesperaloe Hesperaloe parviflora 龙舌兰 Heucheralla Heucheralla species 矾根

Hibiscus Rose-Mallow

moscheutos 扶桑花

Hibiscus Rose-of-China, rosa-sinensis

Tropical Hibiscus 朱槿、热带扶桑

Hibiscus Rose of Sharon syriancus 木槿

Hibiscus tiliaceus Cottonwood, Mahoe

三角叶杨、高红槿

Hippophae Sallow Thorn rhamnoides 沙棘

Howeia Kentia Palm forsterana 马氏射叶棕榈 Hyphaene species Gingerbread Palm

埃及姜果棕

Iberis species Candytuft

白烛葵

Illicium anisatum Anise Tree

八角

Imperata Japanese Bloodgrass cylinrica rubra 日本血草 Ipomoea batatas Sweet Potato

甘薯 Ipomoea reptans Chinese Convolvulus瓮菜

Isotoma species Isotoma

同瓣草

Jacaranda Jacaranda mimosifolia 蓝花楹 Jasminum Jasmine angulare 细叶素馨

Jasminum mesnyi Primrose Jasmine

云南黄馨

Jasminum Winter Jasmine nudiflorum 迎春花 Jasminum Jasmine polyanthum 多花素馨 Juncus species Rush

灯芯草

Juniperus species Juniper

杜松

Kalanchoe Kalanchoe species 伽蓝菜

Kalopanax pictus Castor Aralia, Nakai

Browsing Animals Comments 食草动物 备注 all, leaf cutter ants 全部，切叶蚁 all 全部 all 全部

orangutans, colobus, hoofstock, 猩猩、疣猴、有蹄类动物 fruit bats leaves and flowers 果蝠 食叶和花 primates 灵长类

giraffe, elephant, plant has thorns mt.goat 植物带刺 长颈鹿、大象、山羊 all 全部 all

全部

Ipomoea species includes morning glory and pearly gates which are toxic

番薯属包括牵牛花和蔓性玫瑰，有毒 aviaries

鸟类 fruit bats leaves and flowers 果蝠 食叶和花 aviaries 鸟类 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 all

255

刺楸、Nakai

全部

all 全部

birds, primates 鸟类、灵长类

flowers, buds, nectar_\"sausage\" fruit may be toxic

食花、芽、花蜜、“腊肠”果实可能有毒。

leaves; high nitrate concentration in other species (prickly lettuce)

食叶、其他种类有高盐浓度（多刺莴苣） flowers 食花

flowers; wild varieties may be toxic 食花，野生品种可能有毒。

leaves, flowers^also olfactory enrichment 食叶、花……也是嗅觉丰容

Kerria japonica Kigelia pinnata

Kerria, Japanese Rose 棣棠、蔷薇 Sausage Tree 腊肠树

Kniphofia uvaria Red Hot Poker all

剑叶莲 全部

Koelreuteria Golden-Rain Tree all paniculata 栾树 全部 Kolkwitzia Pink Cloud Beauty amabilis Bush

猬实

Lactuca sativa Romaine Lettuce all

西生菜 全部

Lagerstroemia

indica Lathyrus odoratus Lavandula species

Lemna minor

Crepe Myrtle 紫薇

Sweet Pea

香豌豆

Lavender 薰衣草

Lesser Duck Weed 青萍

Leonotis species Lion's Ear

狮子耳草

fruit bats 果蝠 fruit bats 果蝠 all 全部 all 全部

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name 拉丁名 Lespedeza species

Liatria species

Common Name Browsing Animals 通用名 食草动物 Lespedeza 胡枝子

Blazing Star 矮百合

Ligustrum Japanese Privet fruit bats japonicum 日本女贞 果蝠 Ligustrum sinese Chinese Privit hoofstock

中国女贞 有蹄类动物

Lindera species Spicebush all

山胡椒 全部

Linosoadix Walking Stick Palm monostachya 拐杖棕榈 Liquidambar Sweet Gum all species 香枫 全部 Liriodendron Tulip Tree, Poplar all tulipifera Tree 全部

鹅掌楸、白杨树

Liriope muscari Lily Turf all

麦门冬 全部

Livistona species Fan Palm

256

Comments

备注

flowers 食花

do not feed berries 不要饲喂浆果

favored browse 喜爱的饲料

whole branches, fruit, flowers 全部树枝、果实、花可食 fruit

蒲葵

Lobularia species Sweet Alyssum

香雪球

Lolium species Ryegrass

黑麦草

Lonicera species Honeysuckle

金银花 Lotus species Lychnis species Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia macrophylla Mahonia aquifolium Malus species

all 全部 all 全部 all 全部

食果实

leaves, stems, bark, flowers^caution, berries are toxic

食叶、茎、树皮、花……注意浆果有毒 seeds are toxic 种子有毒 all

全部可食

bats like fleshy petals 蝙蝠喜欢新鲜的花瓣

harvest fruit only, the rest of plant is toxic 仅收获果实，植物的余下部分有毒

leaves and fruit...seeds contain cyanide, favored browse

食叶和果实……种子含氰化物，喜爱的饲料

flowers 食花 flowers 食花

raw roots; peelings and water to boil roots are toxic to livestock

未加工的根；去皮加水煮熟的根对牲畜有毒。

clovers may cause photosentization 四叶草可能导致光敏感。

Trefoil, Almonds all 三叶草、杏树 全部 Lychnis 剪秋萝

Grand Magnolia, Bull all Bay 全部 广玉兰、洋玉兰

Southern Magnolia, all Big Leaf 全部 南方木兰、大叶木兰

Oregon Grape Holly fruit eaters 俄勒冈葡萄 食果实的动物 Crabapple, Apple fruit eaters 海棠、苹果 食果实的动物

Malvaviscus

arboreus Malvaviscus drummondii Mangifera indica Manihot esculenta Turkis Cap 悬铃花

Dwarf Turkis Cap 小悬铃花 Mango 芒果

Cassava, Tapioca 木薯

fruit bats 果蝠 fruit bats 果蝠

Medicago sativa Alfalfa all

苜蓿 全部

Melateuca Giant Honey Nyrtle aemillaris 下垂白千层 Melissa Lemon Balm all officinalis 香蜂草 全部 Mentha species Mint all, primates

薄荷 全部、灵长类

Meryta sinclairii Puka all all

普克木 全部 全部可食

Miscanthus Maiden Grass, all leaves, stems species Eulalia Grass 全部 食叶、茎

细叶芒、金茅

Monstera Monstera fruit bats fruit; foliage is toxic to all animals deliciosa 龟背竹 果蝠 食果实；叶对全部动物有毒 Morus species Mulberry all, bats, rhino favored browse......watch bark ingestion for

桑树 全部、蝙蝠、犀牛 blockage

喜爱的饲料……当心吃树皮时哽住。

Musa acuminata Edible Banana primates watch out for long fibers, birds like to shred,

favored browse 食用香蕉 灵长类

注意长纤维；鸟类喜欢切碎，喜爱的饲料

Myrica species Bayberry, Wax hoofstock macaws

Myrtle

257

杨梅，蜡香桃木

Nardina domestica Nasturtium species

Heavenly Bamboo 南天竹 Nasturtium, watercress

旱金莲、西洋菜

Nepeta cataria Catnip

猫薄荷

Nepheliumlongan Logan

龙眼

有蹄类动物，金刚鹦鹉 all 全部 cats 猫

fruit 食果实

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name 拉丁名 Nephrolepis exaltata

Nyssa aylvatica Ocimum basilicum Olea europea Opuntia species

Common Name 通用名 Boston Fern 波士顿蕨 Black Tupelo 多花紫树 Basil 罗勒

European Olive

油橄榄

Browsing Animals 食草动物 hoofstock 有蹄类动物 fruit bats 果蝠 all 全部

Comments 备注 leaves 叶

spines may be hazardous 体刺可能有危险 flowers 食花

Beavertail Cactus tortoise 扇形仙人掌 龟

Orchis species Orchids iguana

兰花 鬣蜥蜴

Osmunda species Fern hoofstock

紫萁 有蹄类动物

Pachystachya Bamboo, Japanese all species Spurge 全部

竹、富贵草

Pandanus species Screw Pine all

露兜树 全部

Parrotia species Parrotia

金缕梅

Passiflora Passion Flower fruit bats incarnata 西番莲 果蝠 Paulownia Princess Tree, all tomentosa Empress Tree 全部

泡桐

Pelargonium Lemon Scented hoofstock, fruit bats species Geranium 有蹄动物、果蝠

柠檬天竺葵

Peltandra Arrow Arum virginica 箭叶芋 Pernettya species Pernettya all

全部

Pennisetum Fountain Grass alopecuroides 紫穗狼尾草 Pennisetum

American

Millet hoofstock

258

fruits, flowers for bats

食果实，蝙蝠食花

americanum

Grass

美洲狼尾草

Penstemon Foxglove digitalis Beardtongue

毛地黄叶钓钟柳

Penstemon Showy Beardtongue grandiflorus 大花钓钟柳 Petalostemum Clover species 三叶草 Petroselinum Parsley crispum 欧芹 Petunia hybrida Petunia

矮牵牛

Phaseolus Green Beans vulgaris 四季豆 Phaseolus Lima Beans limensis 利马豆

Pheleum pratense Timothy Hay

提摩西草

Phellodendron Cork Tree amurense 软木树 Philadelphis Mock Orange cornanus 山梅花 Phoenix species Date Palm

枣椰树 Photinia fraseri

Red Tip Photinia 红叶石楠

Phragmites Giant Reed communis 芦竹

Phygelius species Cape Fuchsia

南非金钟花

Phyllostachys Bamboo species 刚竹

有蹄类动物 fruit bats

果蝠 all 全部 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠

flowers 食花

leaves and flowers 食叶和花

fruit, spines at base can be removed, may decrease diarrhea

食果实、底部的刺可去除，可减少腹泻 leaves 食叶

all 全部

Picea species Pinus species

Spruce Trees 云杉

Pine Trees 松树

all 全部 pandas, primates, especially shoots, favored browse hoofstock 尤其是笋，喜爱的饲料 熊猫、灵长类、有蹄类动物 elephants, bears 大象、熊

good play material; pine needles may be toxic to livestock if ingested

很好的玩具；如摄入，松针可能对牲畜有毒。

Pistia stratiodes

Water Lettuce 水浮莲

Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistache all

黄连木 全部

Pittosporum Karo, Lemmonwood, all species Kohuhu 全部

海桐、柠檬海桐、崖花子

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

259

Botanical Name 拉丁名 Pittosporum tobira

Platanus species

Common Name Browsing Animals 通用名 食草动物 Pittosporum fruit bats 海桐 果蝠 Plans Tree, giraffe, okapi, bats Buttonwood,Sycamore 长颈鹿、霍加皮、Comments 备注 flowers 食花

birds strip bark, do not give to psitticines, bats use leaves

悬铃树、北美悬铃树、蝙蝠 美国梧桐

Platanus Parsley acerifolia 欧芹 Plectranthus Mintleaf madagascariensis 马达加斯加香茶菜

Plectranthus Swedish Ivy oertendahlii 瑞士常春藤 Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass all

早熟禾 全部

Podocarpus African Fern Pine all gracilor 东非罗汉松 全部 Polypodium Birds Nest Fern hoofstock punctatum 鸟巢蕨 有蹄类动物 Polystichium Ferns hoofstock species 耳蕨 有蹄类动物 Populus species Poplar, Cottonwood, all

Aspen 全部 白杨、杨木、山杨

Portulaca Moss Rose fruit bats grandiflors 苔藓玫瑰 果蝠 Portulaca Purslane fruit bats oleracea 马齿苋 果蝠 Prosopis species Mesquite fruit bats

牧豆树 果蝠

Prunus species Cherry, Plum,

樱桃、李子

Pseudisasa Bamboo all species 矢竹 全部 Psidium Strawberry Guava cattleianum 草莓番石榴 Psidium guajava Yellow Guava,

Tropical Guava

黄色番石榴、热带番石榴

Puerarua lobata Kudzu primates

野葛 灵长类

Pyracantha Firethorn primates species 火棘 灵长类 Pyrus calleryana Bradford Pear bats eat flowers 'Bradfordi' 豆梨 蝙蝠食花 Pyrus species

Pear

梨

Quercus species Oaks

hoofstock 栎树

有蹄类动物

260

鸟会剥树皮，但不要给鹦鹉，蝙蝠食叶。

stems and flowers 食茎和花

stems and flowers 食茎和花

leaves and flowers 食叶和花

fruit only, leaves and pits are toxic 仅食果实，叶和核有毒

stems, leaves 食茎、叶

Bradford Pears turn urine red, not recommended for parrots

豆梨呈尿红色时，不建议给鹦鹉食用 fruit 果实

offer in small quantities, possibly toxic; leaf buds especially are possibly toxic from tannin concentration, no acorns

少量供应，可能有毒；尤其是叶芽可能因单宁酸浓缩有毒，无橡子

Raphanus sativus Radish

小萝卜

Raphiolepis Indian Hawthorne fruit bats indica 印度石斑木 果蝠 Rhapis excelsa Lady Palm,Bamboo

Palm

观音竹、棕竹

Rhapis humilis Rhapis Reed all

矮棕竹 全部

Rhus species Sumac all

漆树 全部 Robinia fertilis Rosa rugosa Rosa species Rosmarinus

officinalis Rubas tricolor

Locust 洋槐

Rugosa Rose all 玫瑰 全部 Rose all 玫瑰 全部 Rosemary 迷迭香

Himalayan Bramble hoofstock 喜马拉雅悬钩子（三有蹄类动物 色莓） Bramble, Wild hoofstock Raspberry, Raspberry 有蹄类动物 树莓、野生覆盆子、覆盆子

Butcher's Broom 假叶树 Palmetto, Cabbage Palm

美洲蒲葵、菜棕

flowers 食花

oils can cause allergies in humans but not animals

油会导致人类过敏，但对动物不会。 black locust and false acacia are toxic 洋槐和刺槐有毒 fruits 食果实

many species have thorns, flowers and hips 许多品种有刺、花和蔷薇果

leaves, fruit 食叶、果实 leaves, fruit 食叶、果实

Rubus species

Ruscus

hypoglossum Sabal palmetto

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name 拉丁名 Saccharum officinarum Sagina species Sagittaria lancifolia Sagittaria latifolia Salix discolor Salix species

Common Name Browsing Animals 通用名 食草动物 Sugar Cane all 甘蔗 全部 Pearlwort 漆姑草 Sagittaria 慈姑

Arrowhead, Duck Potato

剪刀草、鸭舌草 Pussy Willow 褪色柳 Willow all, bats 柳树 全部、蝙蝠

Comments

备注

leaves, stems, bark, controls diarrhea in moose, favored browse

食叶、茎、树皮、控制驼鹿的腹泻，喜爱的饲料 olfactory 气味刺激

Salvia species

Sage, Salvia 鼠尾草 mammals 哺乳动物

261

Sambucus Elderberry species

接骨木 Sanguisorba Salad Burnet all species

小地榆 全部 Sasa species

Bamboo all 赤竹 全部

Sassafrans Sassafras albidum 黄樟

Scaevola species Beach Naupaka all

草海桐 全部

Schinus molle Pepper Tree gorilla

胡椒树 大猩猩

Sedum species Sedums

景天

Sempervivum Hens and Chicks, species Houseleek

长生花、石莲花

Sesamun Sesame all indicum 芝麻 全部 Shepherdia Buffalo Berry all argentea 水牛莓 全部 Shibataea Bamboo species 倭竹 Silene species Catchfly all

捕虫草 全部

Siliphium Compass Plant, species Rosinwood

罗盘草、松香草

Smilax species Greenbrier, Catbrier

绿蔷薇、猫藤

Sophora japonica Japanese pogoda hoofstock

白槐 有蹄动物

Sophora species False Spiraea all

珍珠海 全部

Sophora Kowhai tetraptera 四翅槐树 Sorghastrum Indian Grass nutans 印度草 Sorghum species Sorgum primates

高粱 灵长类

Sparaganium Bur Reed species 黑三棱 Spathodea Tulip Tree campanulata 鹅掌楸 Spinacia Spinach fruit bats reevesiana 菠菜

果蝠 Spiraea species

Bridal Wreath fruit bats 笑靥花

果蝠 Stachys species Hedge Nettle

光叶水苏

Stellaria media Chickweed

繁缕

Stenotaphrum St. Augustine Grass

flying foxes

262

fruit only for bats

果实仅对蝙蝠

panda favorite, 熊猫的最爱

leaves, langurs eat fruit 食叶。叶猴食果实

leaves, fruit 食叶、果实

leaves, stems 食叶、茎 seeds are toxic 种子有毒

also use leaves for bedding; foliage may be toxic when frosted or with rapid growth following drought

也使用叶子铺床；霜冻后的叶子可能有毒或干旱后快速生长。 leaves 食叶 leaves 食叶 leaves

圣奥古斯丁草

Stipa species Needlegrass

针茅草

Styraz species Snowbell

大叶野茉莉

Syagrus Queen Palm romanzoffranum 女王椰子 secundatum

狐蝠

叶

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name 拉丁名 Symphytum caucasicum

Syzgium jambos

Common Name 通用名 Comfrey 紫草

Rose Apple 蒲桃

Syzgium Eugenia paniculata 番樱桃 Tagetes erecta Marigolds

金盏花

Tamarix africana Tamarisk

柽柳

Tamarix Salt Cedar parviflora 柽柳 Taraxcum Dandelion officinale 蒲公英

Browsing Animals

食草动物 hoofstock 有蹄动物

rhino, primates 犀牛、灵长类 fruit bats 果蝠

Comments 备注 flowers 食花

Tecomaria capensis

Thamnocalamus species Thumbergia species

Thymus species

Cape Honeysuckle 佛得角金银花 Bamboo 筱竹

Clock-vine fruit bats flowers 邓伯花藤 果蝠 食花 Thyme all 百里香 全部

Tilia americana American Basswood,

Linden

美国椴树、椴树

Tilia cordata Little Leaf Linden primates

小叶椴木 灵长类

Tilia species Linden, Basswood,

Lime Tree

椴树、菩提树、欧椴树

Torenia fournieri Torenia fruit bats flowers

夏堇 果蝠 食花

Trachelospermym Star Jasmine fruit bats leaves and flowers jasminoides 星芒茉莉 果蝠 食叶和花 Trifolium repens Clover tortoise, bats flowers

三叶草 龟、蝙蝠 食花

Tripsacum Gamma Grass species 摩擦禾 Tropaeolum Nasturtium bats, reptiles,

263

orangutans, bears

猩猩、熊

primates, wallabies, loose feces if given too much, flowers and bats leaves

灵长类、小袋鼠、进食过多会导致大便稀松。食花和叶。 蝙蝠

primates, bears 灵长类、熊

minus 旱金莲

Typha latifolia

Cattails 香蒲

Ulmus species Elm

榆树

Vaccinium Sparkleberry arboreum 臼莓 Vaccinium Blueberry corymbosum 蓝莓 Vaccinium Evergreen ovatum Huckleberry

越桔

Viburnum Korean Spice carlesii Viburnum

红蕾荚迷(香荚)

Viburnum David's Viburnum davidii 川西荚蒾 Viburnum Viburnum all odoratissimum 荚蒾 全部 Viburnum \"Willowwood\" rhytidophylloides 皱叶荚蒾

Vicia species Bean Foliage primates

蚕豆 灵长类

Vigna radiata Mung Bean

绿豆

Vigna Yard Long Bean unguicalate 绿豇豆 Viola tricolor Pansy all

三色堇 全部

Vitis species Grapes all

葡萄 全部

Wisteria Wisteria bats frutescens 紫藤 蝙蝠 Xanthoceras Yellowthorn all sorbifolium 黄刺梅 全部 Xylosma Shiny Xylosma fruit bats congestum 柞木 果蝠

primates

蝙蝠、爬行动物、灵长类 hoofstock 有蹄动物 all 全部

leaves, stems…no flower or seed heads 食叶和茎……不食花或种子穗 leaves, bark…favored browse 食叶和树皮„„喜爱的饲料 berries 食浆果

leaves, fruit 食叶、果实

leaves, flowers 食叶、花

leaves, fruit…favored browse 食叶，果实„„喜爱的饲料 seeds are toxic 种子有毒 leaves 食叶

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Botanical Name 拉丁名

Yucca species Zauchneria species Zea mays Zelkova serrata

Common Name 通用名

Spanish-Bayonet 条千手兰

California Fuchsia 加州倒挂金钟 Corn 玉米

Sawleaf Zelkova 光叶榉树

2

Browsing Animals 食草动物 all 全部

macaques, bats 猕猴、蝙蝠 gorilla 大猩猩

Comments 备注

leaves and fruit 食叶和果实 bark 食树皮

Zelkova japonica Zingiber species Zinnia species Japanese Zelkova 日本榉树 Ginger 生姜 Zinnia 百日草

red panda, mutjac, rhino 小熊猫、麂、犀牛

tortoises, primates 龟、灵长类

flower, fruit 食花、果实

Browse Plant List compiled by Lee Houts, 饲料植物名录由Lee Houts编写 Folsom City Zoo Sanctuary 福尔瑟姆市动物园保护区 AAZK Enrichment Committee AAZK丰容委员会

Reviewed by: Terry Goureau, Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo 审核人：Terry Goureau，奥马哈亨利多立动物园 Association of Zoological Horticulture (AZH) 动物园艺协会（AZH）

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name Botanical Name 通用名 拉丁名 5 Leaf Akebia Akebia quinata 五叶木通 Abelia Abelia species 六道木 Acacia Acacia redolens 匍匐金合欢 African Daisy Arctotis species 非洲菊

African Fern Pine Podocarpus gracilor 东非罗汉松 Alder Alnus species 赤杨 Alfalfa Medicago sativa 苜蓿 American Basswood, Tilia americana Linden

美国椴树、椴树 American Beech Fagus grandifolia 北美水青冈木

American Hornbean Carpinus caroliniana 美国鹅耳枥

American Millet Grass Pennisetum

americanum 美洲狼尾草

Amethyst Hidden Ginger Curcuma cordata 女王郁金

Anacharis, Waterweed, Egeria canadensis Elodea

菲藻、伊乐藻 Anise Hyssop Agastache

foeniculum 茴藿香

Browsing Animals

食草动物 hoofstock 有蹄动物 elephants 大象 hoofstock 有蹄动物 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 hoofstock 有蹄动物 fruit bats 果蝠

Comments 备注 leaves 食叶

cut Christmas trees 砍作圣诞树

leaves, flowers 食叶、花

clovers may cause photosentization 四叶草可能导致光敏感。 flowers 食花

fruit bats 果蝠

265

leaves and flowers 食叶和花

Anise Tree Illicium anisatum 八角

Areca Palm, Butterfly Chrysalidocarpus Palm luctescens 槟榔、散尾葵

Arizona Ash, Fan Tex Fraxinus velutina 亚历桑那光腊树、津白蜡 Arrow Arum Peltandra virginica 箭叶芋

Arrowhead, Duck Potato Sagittaria latifolia 剪刀草、鸭舌草 Asiatic Dayflower Commelina

communis 鸭跖草

Astrocaryum Astrocaryum alatum fruit bats pollen 具翼星棕 果蝠 食花粉 Autumn Olive Elaeagnus umbrellata do not feed fruit 秋橄榄 果实不能饲喂 Balsam Fir Abies balsamea 香脂冷杉 Balsamroot Balsamorhiza species all 香根 全部 Bamboo Phyllostachys species pandas, primates, especially shoots, favored browse

hoofstock 刚竹 尤其是笋，喜爱的饲料 熊猫、灵长类、有蹄类动物

Bamboo Pseudisasa species all 矢竹 全部 Bamboo Sasa species all panda favorite, 赤竹 全部 熊猫的最爱 Bamboo Shibataea species 倭竹 Bamboo Thamnocalamus

species 筱竹

Bamboo Fargesia fungosa 箭竹 Bamboo, Japanese Pachystachya species all Spurge 全部 富贵草 Bamboos Arundinaria species hoofstock leaves 青篱竹 有蹄动物 食叶 Bamboos Bambusa species all 簕竹 全部 Bamboos Chimonobambusa

species 方竹

Barberry Berberis species all thorns may be hazardous 伏牛花 全部 带刺，可能有危险 Basil Ocimum basilicum all 罗勒 全部

all, hoofstock, dik dik, leaves

bats 食叶 全部、有蹄类动物、犬羚属、蝙蝠

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name

Botanical Name Browsing Animals Comments

266

通用名 拉丁名 Bauhinia Bauhinia species 紫荆花

Bayberry, Wax Myrtle Myrica species 杨梅，蜡香桃木 Beach Naupaka 草海桐

Bean Foliage 蚕豆

Beautyberry 紫珠

Beavertail Cactus 扇形仙人掌 Beet Greens 红菜头 Birch 桦树

Birds Nest Fern 鸟巢蕨

Black Tree Fern 黑桫椤

Black Tupelo 多花紫树 Blackberry 黑莓

食草动物 备注

Blackwood 黑木金合欢 Blanket Flower 天人菊 Blazing Star 矮百合

Blue Leaf Wattle Acacia saligna rhino 黄花金合欢 犀牛 Blue Lyme Grass, Elymus glaucus Wild Rye

蓝披碱草、野麦 Blue Oat Grass Helictotrichon sempervirens 蓝燕麦草 Blueberry Vaccinium

corymbosum 蓝莓

Boston Fern Nephrolepis hoofstock

exaltata 波士顿蕨 有蹄动物

Bottle Tree Brachychiton

populneus 宝瓶树

Bottle-Brush Callistemon bats

rigidus 红千层 蝙蝠

Bouganvillea Bouganvillea tortoise

species 叶子花 龟

Bouquet Orange Citrus aurantum 酸橙 枳实 Box Elder

Acer negundo

all

hoofstock macaws

有蹄类动物，金刚鹦鹉

Scaevola species all

全部

Vicia species primates leaves, fruit

灵长类 食叶、果实

Callicarpa species all

全部

Opuntia species tortoise spines may be hazardous

龟 体刺可能有危险

Beta vulgaris fruit bats leaves

果蝠 食叶

Betua species primates, hoofstock leaves

灵长类、有蹄类动食叶 物

Polypodium hoofstock punctatum 有蹄动物 Cyathea medullaris

Nyssa aylvatica fruit bats leaves

果蝠 食叶

Blackberry fruit eaters, thorny varieties may be hazardous himilayan giraffes, goats 带刺品种，可能有危险

食果实的动物、长颈鹿、山羊

Acacia melanoxylon

Gaillardia species all

全部

Liatria species

thorns may be hazardous

带刺，可能有危险

flowers, caution:thorns may be hazardous 食花、注意：带刺，可能有危险

may cause hemosiderosis in rhino, do not feed to hedgehog

可能导致犀牛血铁质，不能饲喂刺猬。 leaves

267

枘叶槭 Bramble, Wild Rubus species Raspberry, Raspberry 树莓、野生覆盆子、覆盆子 Bridal Wreath Spiraea species 笑靥花 Broccoli, Collard, Brassica olearasea Kale, Cabbage

西兰花、羽衣甘蓝、甘蓝菜、卷心菜 Bromeliads Bromeliaceae 观赏凤梨 Buffalo Berry Shepherdia

argentea 水牛莓

Buffalo Grass Buchloe

dactyloides 野牛草

Bur Reed Sparaganium

species 黑三棱

Butcher's Broom Ruscus

hypoglossum 假叶树

Butterfly Bush Buddleia davidii 醉鱼草 Calathea Calathea

crotalifolia 肖竹芋

Calendula Calendula species 金盏花

California Fuchsia Zauchneria

species 加州倒挂金钟

全部

hoofstock 有蹄动物 食叶

leaves, fruit 食叶、果实

fruit bats 果蝠 fruit bats 果蝠

leaves 食叶 leaves 食叶

all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠

leaves, fruit 食叶、果实 pollen 食花粉

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name 通用名 Camellia 山茶花

Camphor Tree 樟脑树 Candytuft 白烛葵 Canna 美人蕉

Cape Fuchsia 南非金钟花

Cape Honeysuckle 佛得角金银花 Cape Marigold 白蓝菊 Carob 角豆树

Carpet Bugleweed 匍匐筋骨草

Botanical Name Browsing Animals 拉丁名 食草动物 Camellia japonica all

全部

Cinnamomum species

Iberis species all

全部

Cannas generalis all

全部

Phygelius species all

全部

Tecomaria primates, bears capensis 灵长类、熊 Dimorphotheca all plufialis 全部 Ceratonia siliqua Ajuga repens

fruit bats 果蝠

268

Comments 备注

leaves, flowers 食叶、花 leaves 食叶

leaves and flowers 食叶和花

Cassava, Tapioca Manihot esculenta

木薯

Castor Aralia, Nakai Kalopanax pictus all 彩色刺楸、 全部 Catchfly Silene species all 捕虫草 全部 Catnip Nepeta cataria cats 猫薄荷 猫

Cattails Typha latifolia hoofstock 香蒲

有蹄动物 Cedar Wattle Acacia elata 顶生金合欢 Centipede Grass Eremochloa

fruit bats 蜈蚣草

ophiurides 果蝠 Cherokee-bean, Erythrina herbacea bats Coralbean

蝙蝠 珊瑚刺桐、珊瑚豆 Cherry, Plum, Prunus species 樱桃、李子 Chickweed Stellaria media 繁缕 Chinese Ipomoea reptans

Convolvulus 瓮菜

Chinese Gooseberry Actinidia deliciosa fruit eaters

Vine

食果实的动物美味猕猴桃 Chinese Pistache Pistacia chinensis all 黄连木

全部 Chinese Privit Ligustrum sinese hoofstock 中国女贞

有蹄动物 Chinese Witch Hazel Hamamelis mollis all 金缕梅 全部 Chinnese White Brassica chinensis

Cabbage 小白菜 Claret Ash Fraxinus

窄叶白蜡

'Raywood' Clock-vine Thumbergia

fruit bats 邓伯花藤

species 果蝠 Clover Petalostemum

三叶草

species Clover Trifolium repens tortoise, bats 三叶草 龟、蝙蝠 Coleus Coleus hybridus fruit bats 彩叶草 果蝠 Comfrey Symphytum

hoofstock 紫草

caucasicum 有蹄动物 Common Fig Ficus carica 无花果

Common Gardenia Gardenia

hoofstock 山栀

jasminoides 有蹄动物 Common Hackberry Celtis occidentalis all 美洲朴树

全部 Common Sunflower Helianthus annus

all

269

raw roots; peelings and water to boil roots are toxic to livestock 未加工的根；去皮加水煮熟的根对牲畜有毒。

leaves, stems…no flower or seed heads 食叶和茎……不食花或种子穗 flowers 食花

fruit only, leaves and pits are toxic 仅食果实，叶和核有毒 are toxic 有毒

vine and fruit browsable 藤和果实可喂食

do not feed berries 不要饲喂浆果

amount should be limited 应数量 flowers 食花 flowers 食花 leaves 食叶

feed entire plant

向日葵 Compass Plant, Siliphium species Rosinwood

罗盘草、松香草 Coprosma Coprosma species 臭茜草 Coral Tree Erythrina caffra 珊瑚树

全部 整棵植物可食

all 全部 all 全部

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name 通用名 Coriander 胡荽

Cork Tree 软木树 Corn 玉米

Corn Plant 香龙血树 Cotoneaster 栒子

Cottonwood, Mahoe 三角叶杨、高红槿 Crabapple, Apple 海棠、苹果 Creeping Fig 薜荔

Crepe Myrtle 紫薇

Cyclops Acacia 巨相思树 Dandelion 蒲公英

Botanical Name 拉丁名 Coriandrum sativum

Phellodendron amurense Zea mays

Browsing Animals Comments 食草动物 备注

leaves and fruit

食叶和果实 leaves 食叶

leaves, stems, bark 食叶、茎、树皮

leaves and fruit...seeds contain cyanide, favored browse

食叶和果实……种子含氰化物，喜爱的饲料

all 全部

macaques, bats 猕猴、蝙蝠

Dracaena fragrans hoofstock

有蹄动物

Cotoneaster species all

全部

Hibiscus tiliaceus primates

灵长类

Malus species fruit eaters

食果实的动物 Ficus pumila

Date Palm 枣椰树

David's Viburnum 川西荚蒾 Daylily 黄花菜 Desert Ash 尖果白蜡树 Desert Olive 新墨西哥木犀 Dianthus 石竹 Dogwood 山茱萸

rhino 犀牛

Lagerstroemia fruit bats flowers indica 果蝠 食花 Acacia cyclopis all thorns may be hazardous

全部 带刺，可能有危险

Taraxcum primates, wallabies, loose feces if given too much, flowers and leaves officinale bats 进食过多会导致大便稀松。食花和叶。

灵长类、小袋鼠、蝙蝠

Phoenix species fruit, spines at base can be removed, may

decrease diarrhea

食果实、底部的刺可去除，可减少腹泻

Viburnum davidii Hemerocallis all, leaf cutter ants species 全部、切叶蚁 Fraxinus oxycarpa Forestiera colobus monkey neomexicana 黑白疣猴 Dianthus chinensis hoofstock

有蹄动物

Cornus species all

全部

270

leaves, favored browse 食叶，喜爱的饲料 leaves, flowers 食叶、花

leaves, stems, bark, flowers…favored browse 食叶、茎、树皮、花„„喜爱的饲料

Dwarf Bamboo Dulichium Sedge arundinaceum 地被竹苔

Dwarf Turkis Cap Malvaviscus

drummondii 小悬铃花

Edible Banana Musa acuminata 食用香蕉 Elderberry 接骨木 Elm 榆树

Epimedium 淫羊藿 Escalonia 鼠刺 Escarole 莴苣菜 Eucalyptus, Trees

桉树、胶树

fruit bats 果蝠 primates 灵长类

Sambucus species Ulmus species

all 全部

Epimedium species all

全部

Escalonia rosea

flowers

食花

watch out for long fibers, birds like to shred, favored browse

注意长纤维；鸟类喜欢切碎，喜爱的饲料 fruit only for bats 果实仅对蝙蝠

leaves, bark…favored browse 食叶和树皮„„喜爱的饲料

Cichorium endivia fruit bats leaves

果蝠 食叶

Gum Eucalyptus species koala, Australian capsules only for birds, flowers for bats

birds, bats 胶囊仅针对鸟、花针对蝙蝠 树袋熊、澳大利亚鸟类、蝙蝠

Eugenia Eugenia species leaf eating primates 番樱桃 食叶灵长类 Eugenia Syzgium rhino, primates

paniculata 番樱桃 犀牛、灵长类

European Beech Fagus sylvatica 欧洲水青冈木 European Olive Olea europea 油橄榄 Evergreen Vaccinium ovatum Huckleberry 越桔

Evergreens, Abies species Christmas Trees 常青树、圣诞树 False Spiraea Sophora species all seeds are toxic 珍珠海 全部 种子有毒 Fan Palm Chamaerops

humilis 蒲葵

Fan Palm Livistona species fruit 蒲葵 果实 Fatshedra Fatshedra lizei all 八角金盘常春藤 全部 Feather Palm Elaeis guineensis 羽叶棕榈

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name 通用名

Botanical Name 拉丁名

Browsing Animals 食草动物

271

Comments 备注

Fern 紫萁 Ferns 耳蕨 Fescue 牛毛草

Fiddle-leaf Fig 琴叶榕 Firebush 长隔木 Firethorn 火棘

Florence Fennel 球茎茴香

Flowering Quince 木瓜

Forsythia, Golden Bells连翘、金钟花 Fountain Grass 紫穗狼尾草

Four-winged Saltbrush 四翅滨藜

Foxglove Beardtongue 毛地黄叶钓钟柳 Gamma Grass 摩擦禾 Gardenia 栀子

Giant Honey Nyrtle 下垂白千层 Giant Reed 芦竹

Giant Reed 芦苇 Gilia 吉莉草 Ginger 山姜 Ginger 姜花

Ginger 生姜

Gingerbread Palm 埃及姜果棕 Globe Artichoke 朝鲜蓟

Glory Bower 龙船花 Golden Ash 欧洲白蜡树 Golden Tip 丁香树

Golden-Rain Tree 栾树

Goldfish Plant

Osmunda species

hoofstock 有蹄动物

Polystichium species hoofstock

有蹄动物

Festuca species must be endophyte free 必须无内生菌 Ficus lyrata

Hamelia patens fruit bats pollen 果蝠 食花粉

Pyracantha species primates stems, leaves 灵长类 食茎、叶 Foeniculum vulgare hoofstock 有蹄动物 Chaenomeles

speciosa

Forsythia species primates, bats leaves 灵长类、蝙蝠 食叶 Pennisetum

alopecuroides

Atriplex canescens selenium poisioning 硒中毒 Penstemon digitalis Tripsacum species Gardenia radicans

Melateuca aemillaris Arundo donax

all, giraffe

全部、长颈鹿

Phragmites communis

Gilia species all 全部

Alpinia species primates, capybara 灵长类、水豚

Hedychium species

tortoise, elephant, bats, rhino

龟、大象、蝙蝠、犀牛 Zingiber species Hyphaene species Cynara scolymus

Clerodendrum species all 全部

Fraxinus excelsior 'Aurea'

Goodia lotifolia Koelreuteria all paniculata

全部 Columnea species

fruit bats

pollen

272

金鱼花 Grama Bouteloua species 格兰马草

Grand Magnolia, Bull Magnolia grandiflora Bay

广玉兰、洋玉兰 Grapes Vitis species 葡萄

Green Ash, Pennsylvania Fraxinus Ash pennsylvanica 红梣木、宾夕法尼亚白蜡树

Green Beans Phaseolus vulgaris 四季豆

Greenbrier, Catbrier Smilax species 绿蔷薇、猫藤 Grevillea Grevillea species 银桦

Gunnera, Dinosaur Food Gunnera chilensis 根乃拉草（恐龙食物） Hardy Kiwi Actinida aguta 软枣猕猴桃

果蝠 all 全部 all 全部

食花粉 all 全部

leaves, fruit…favored browse 食叶，果实„„喜爱的饲料

fruit bats 果蝠 all 全部

fruit eaters

食果实的动物

flowers 食花

harvest fruit only 仅收获果实

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name Botanical Name 通用名 拉丁名 Hawthorn Crataegus species 山楂

Hazelnut/Filbert Tree Corylus species 榛子树

Heavenly Bamboo Nardina domestica 南天竹

Hebe, Sow's Ear Hebe species 赫柏、Sow's Ear Hedge Nettle Stachys species 光叶水苏

Hens and Chicks, Sempervivum Houseleek species 长生花、石莲花 Hesperaloe Hesperaloe

parviflora 龙舌兰

Heucheralla Heucheralla

species 矾根

Himalayan Bramble Rubas tricolor 喜马拉雅悬钩子（三色莓） Holly Fern Cyrtomiun

falcatum 耳蕨

Honey Locust Gleditsia

triacanthos 皂荚树

Honeysuckle Lonicera species 金银花

Browsing Animals Comments 食草动物 备注

all, rhino 全部、犀牛

do not browse with nuts on 有坚果时不能食用 all 全部

all 全部 hoofstock 有蹄动物 all 全部 all 全部

273

leaves, fruit 食叶、果实

seed pods, favored browse 食果实，喜爱的饲料

leaves, stems, bark, flowers…caution, berries are toxic

Horsetail Tree Casuarina

equisethifolia 木麻黄

Hyacinth Bean Dolichos lablab hoofstock, all leaves 扁豆 有蹄类动物、全部 食叶 Hybrid Fuchsia Fuchsia hybida fruit bats leaves and flowers 吊钟花 果蝠 食叶和花 Inch Plant Callisia elegans 吊竹梅

Indian Grass Sorghastrum

nutans 印度草

Indian Hawthorne Raphiolepis indica fruit bats flowers 印度石斑木 果蝠 食花 Isotoma Isotoma species aviaries 同瓣草 鸟类 Jacaranda Jacaranda fruit bats leaves and flowers

mimosifolia 蓝花楹 果蝠 食叶和花

Japanese Aralia, J Fatsia all Fatsia 全部 八角金盘

Japanese Bloodgrass Imperata cylinrica all

rubra 日本血草 全部

Japanese Forest Grass Hakonechloa all

macra \"areola\" 日本金林草 全部

Japanese Persimmon Diospyros kaki fruit bats fruit 日本柿 果蝠 果实 Japanese pogoda Sophora japonica hoofstock leaves, stems 白槐 有蹄动物 食叶、茎 Japanese Privet Ligustrum fruit bats flowers

japonicum 日本女贞 果蝠 食花

Japanese Sword Fern Dryopteris hoofstock leaves

erythrosora 红盖鳞毛蕨 有蹄动物 食叶

Japanese Zelkova Zelkova japonica red panda, mutjac,

rhino 日本榉树

小熊猫、麂、犀牛

Jasmine Jasminum angulare aviaries 细叶素馨 鸟类 Jasmine Jasminum all

polyanthum 多花素馨 全部

Juniper Juniperus species 杜松

Kaffir Plum Harpephyllum

caffrum 漆仔树

Kalanchoe Kalanchoe species 伽蓝菜

Kangaroo Vine Cissus antarctica 袋鼠藤

Karo, Lemmonwood, Pittosporum all Kohuhu species 全部 海桐、柠檬海桐、崖花子

Katsura Tree Cercidiphyllum all

japonicum 连香树 全部

食叶、茎、树皮、花……注意浆果有毒

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

274

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name 通用名 Kentia Palm 马氏射叶棕榈

Kentucky Bluegrass 早熟禾

Kerria, Japanese Rose 棣棠、蔷薇 Knapweed 矢车菊

Botanical Name 拉丁名

Howeia forsterana Poa pratensis Kerria japonica Centaurea species

Browsing Animals Comments 食草动物 备注 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 primates 灵长类 all 全部 all 全部

Related to starthistle:large amounts are toxic to horse species 与矢车菊属有关：大量对马一类的物种有毒

leaves, flowers…also olfactory enrichment 食叶、花……也是嗅觉丰容

Korean Spice Viburnum carlesii Viburnum

红蕾荚迷(香荚) Kowhai Sophora tetraptera 四翅槐树 Kudzu Puerarua lobata 野葛

Lady Palm,Bamboo Rhapis excelsa Palm

观音竹、棕竹 Lavender Lavandula species 薰衣草

Lavender Star Flower Grewia occidentalis 星桑花 Lawn Daisy Bellis perennis 雏菊

Lemon Balm Melissa officinalis 香蜂草

Lemon Grass Cymbopogon citratus 柠檬草 Lemon Scented Pelargonium species Geranium 柠檬天竺葵 Lemon Verbena Aloysia triphylla 柠檬马鞭草 Lespedeza Lespedeza species 胡枝子

Lesser Duck Weed Lemna minor 青萍 Lily Turf Liriope muscari 麦门冬 Lima Beans Phaseolus limensis 利马豆 Lime Citrus aurantifolia 柠檬

Linden, Basswood, Tilia species Lime Tree

椴树、菩提树、欧椴树

Lion's Ear Leonotis species 狮子耳草

Little Leaf Linden Tilia cordata 小叶椴木 Loblolly Bay Gordonia lasianthus

hoofstock, fruit

bats

有蹄动物、果蝠 hoofstock leaves 有蹄动物 食叶 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠

leaves 食叶

all 全部 primates 灵长类 fruit bats

275

flowers

戈登木

Lobster Claws Heliconia species 龙虾钳 Locust Robinia fertilis 洋槐 Logan Nepheliumlongan 龙眼 Loquat Eriobotrya japonica 枇杷 Lychnis Lychnis species 剪秋萝

Maiden Grass, Eulalia Miscanthus species Grass

细叶芒、金茅 Maidenhair Fern Adiantum caudatum 铁线蕨 Maidenhair Tree, Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo

白果树、银杏 Malabar Spinach Basella alba 落葵 Mango Mangifera indica 芒果

Marigolds Tagetes erecta 金盏花

Meadowsweet Filipendula species 绣线菊 Mesquite Prosopis species 牧豆树 Mintleaf Plectranthus

马达加斯加香茶菜 madagascariensis

果蝠 hoofstock 有蹄动物 all 全部 hoofstock 有蹄动物 all 全部 hoofstock 有蹄动物 fruit bats 果蝠 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠

食花

stems, leaves 食茎、叶

black locust and false acacia are toxic 洋槐和刺槐有毒 fruit 果实

fruit:caution seeds and leaves can be toxic 果实：注意种子和叶有毒

leaves, stems 食叶、茎 leaves 食叶

leaves 食叶 flowers 食花

leaves and flowers 食叶和花

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name 通用名 Mint 薄荷

Mock Orange 山梅花

Monkey Apple 澳洲赤楠

Browsing Animals 食草动物 all, primates 全部、灵长类

Philadelphis fruit bats cornanus 果蝠 Acmena smithii hoofstock, primates

有蹄类动物，灵长类

Puzzle Araucaira araucana all

全部

Monstera deliciosa fruit bats

果蝠

Ficus macrophylla rhino

犀牛

Portulaca grandiflors fruit bats

果蝠

Cerastium species all

276

Botanical Name 拉丁名

Mentha species Comments 备注

leaves and flowers 食叶和花

leaves, fruit, berries 食叶、果实、浆果

Monkey Tree 猴谜树 Monstera 龟背竹

Moreton Bay Fig 澳洲大叶榕 Moss Rose 苔藓玫瑰 Mouse-ear

fruit; foliage is toxic to all animals 果实、叶对全部动物有毒

stems and flowers 食茎和花

Chickweed 卷耳 Mulberry 桑树

Mung Bean 绿豆

Mustard Greens 芥菜

Nasturtium 旱金莲

全部

Morus species Vigna radiata Brassica juncea

all, bats, rhino favored browse …watch bark ingestion for 全部、蝙蝠、犀牛 blockage

喜爱的饲料.…..当心吃树皮时哽住。

Nasturtium,

watercress

旱金莲、西洋菜 Natal Plum 大花卡梨撒 Needlegrass 针茅草

Northern Sea Oats 燕麦草

Norway Maple 挪威槭 Oaks 栎树

fruit bats amount should be limited 果蝠 应数量

Tropaeolum minus bats, reptiles,

primates

蝙蝠、爬行动物、灵长类

Nasturtium species all

全部 Carissa grandflora Stipa species Chasmanthium latifolium

Acer platanoides

all 全部

primates, hoofstock 灵长类、有蹄类动物

hoofstock 有蹄动物

leaves, stems, bark 食叶、茎、树皮

offer in small quantities, possibly toxic; leaf buds especially are possibly toxic from tannin concentration; no acorns

少量供应，可能有毒；尤其是叶芽可能因丹宁酸浓度而产生毒性，无橡子

toxic to livestock and dogs, olfactory for cats 对牲畜和狗有毒，猫闻着会有刺鼻的味道 flowers 食花

harvest fruit only, the rest of plant is toxic 仅收获果实，植物的余下部分有毒

Quercus species

onions, chives Allium species 洋葱、细香葱 Orchids Orchis species 兰花 Oregon Grape Mahonia aquifolium Holly

俄勒冈葡萄

Palmetto, Cabbage Sabal palmetto Palm

美洲蒲葵、菜棕 Pansy Viola tricolor 三色堇 Paper Birch Betula papyrifera 纸桦

Paperbark Thorn Acacia seiberiana

'Woodii' 屋得金合欢

Parasol Tree Firmiana species 梧桐

Parlor Palm Chamaedorea

elegans 袖珍椰子

Parrotia Parrotia species 金缕梅 Parsley Petroselinum

crispum 欧芹

Parsley Platanus acerifolia 欧芹

giraffe 长颈鹿 iguana 鬣蜥蜴 fruit eaters

食果实的动物

all 全部 all 全部

leaves, flowers 食叶、花 leaves 食叶

277

Passion Flower 西番莲 Pear 梨

Pearlwort 漆姑草 Pecan

美洲山核桃 Pepper Tree 胡椒树 Pernettya

Passiflora incarnata fruit bats

果蝠

Pyrus species Sagina species Carya illinoinensis Schinus molle Pernettya species

gorilla

大猩猩 all 全部

fruits, flowers for bats 食果实，蝙蝠食花 fruit 果实

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name 通用名 Persimmons 柿子

Petunia 矮牵牛

Pignut Hickory 光滑山核桃 Pine Trees 松树

Botanical Name 拉丁名 Diospyros virginiana

Browsing Animals 食草动物 fruit eaters

食果实的动物

Comments 备注

harvest fruit only, potential seed toxicity in native sp.

仅收获果实、本地物种中的潜在种子毒性。 flowers 食花

good play material; pine needles may be toxic to livestock if ingested

很好的玩具；如摄入，松针可能对牲畜有毒。 flowers for bats 蝙蝠食花

Petunia hybrida fruit bats

果蝠

Carya glabra Pinus species

elephants, bears

大象、熊 all 全部 all 全部

Pineapple Guava Feijoa

sellowiona 菠萝番石榴

Pineapple Lily Eucomis bicolor 凤梨百合花

Pink Cloud Beauty Kolkwitzia Bush amabilis 猬实

Pink Lemonade 粉红柠檬水

may cause hemosiderosis in rhino, do not feed to hedgehog

可能导致犀牛血铁质，不能饲喂刺猬。

Pittosporum Pittosporum fruit bats flowers

tobira 海桐 果蝠 食花

Plans Tree, Platanus species giraffe, okapi, bats birds strip bark, do not give to psitticines, bats Buttonwood,Sycamore 长颈鹿、霍加皮、use leaves 悬铃树、北美悬铃树、鸟会剥树皮，但不要给鹦鹉，蝙蝠食叶。 蝙蝠 美国梧桐 Plume Grass Erianthus

ravennae 蔗茅

Poplar, Cottonwood, Populus species all Aspen 全部 白杨、杨木、山杨 Poppy Mallow Callirhoe

alcacoides 罂粟葵

pothos Epipremnum toxic to cats

species 黄金葛 对猫有毒

Powderpuff Calliandra fruit bats leaves and flowers

278

粉扑花 果蝠 食叶和花 haematocephala Primrose Jasmine Jasminum all

mesnyi 云南黄馨 全部

Princess Tree, Empress Paulownia all Tree tomentosa 全部 泡桐 Puka Meryta sinclairii all all 普克木 全部 全部 Pumpkin, Goards, Cucurbita all Squash 南瓜

Purple Coneflower 紫松果菊

Purple Love Grass 紫色画眉草 Purslane 马齿苋 Pussy Willow 褪色柳 Queen Palm 女王椰子

Quince 温柏 Radish 小萝卜

Red Hot Poker 剑叶莲 Red Maple 红花槭 Red Tip Photinia 红叶石楠 Red Valerian 红色缬草 Redbud 美国紫荆 Rhapis Reed 矮棕竹 River Birch 河桦 Romaine Lettuce 西生菜 Rose 玫瑰 Rose Apple 蒲桃

species 全部 Echinacea

species Eragrostis hoofstock

spectabilis 有蹄动物

Portulaca fruit bats stems and flowers

oleracea 果蝠 食茎和花

Salix discolor Syagrus

romanzoffranum Cydonia oblonga fruit bats leaves 果蝠 食叶 Raphanus sativus Kniphofia uvaria all 全部 Acer rubrum all except horse leaves and bark may be toxic to horse species

species 叶和树皮可能对马一类的物种有毒。 除了马以外的全部种类

Photinia fraseri all leaves 全部 食叶 Centranthus aviaries only

ruber 仅鸟类

Cercis primates flowers, leaves, stems, bark. Fibrous- caution

canadensis 灵长类

with langurs 食花、叶、茎、树皮 纤维——注意叶猴

Rhapis humilis all 全部 Betula nigra fruit bats leaves 果蝠 食叶 Lactuca sativa all leaves; high nitrate concentration in other species

全部

(prickly lettuce) 食叶、其他种类有高盐浓度（多刺莴苣）Rosa species all many species have thorns, flowers and hips 全部 许多品种有刺、花和蔷薇果 Syzgium jambos Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

279

Common Name 通用名

Rose of Sharon 木槿

Rose-Mallow 扶桑花 Rosemary 迷迭香

Rose-of-China, Tropical Hibiscus 朱槿、热带扶桑 Rugosa Rose 玫瑰 Rush 灯芯草

Russian Olive 沙枣

Ryegrass 黑麦草 Sage, Salvia 鼠尾草 Sagebrush 山艾树 Sagittaria 慈姑

Salad Burnet 小地榆 Salal

沙龙白珠树 Sallow Thorn 沙棘

Salt Cedar 柽柳 Sassafras 黄樟

Satin Leaf

金叶小鳞山榄木 Sausage Tree 腊肠树 Sawleaf Zelkova 光叶榉树 Screw Pine 露兜树 Sedge 莎草 Sedums 景天

Serviceberry 花楸 Sesame 芝麻

Botanical Name Browsing Animals Comments 拉丁名 食草动物 备注

Hibiscus fruit bats leaves and flowers syriancus 果蝠 食叶和花 Hibiscus all moscheutos 全部 Rosmarinus

officinalis Hibiscus orangutans, colobus, rosa-sinensis

hoofstock

猩猩、疣猴、有蹄类动物 Rosa rugosa all fruits 全部 食果实 Juncus species all 全部

Elaeagnus hoofstock, black leaves, stems :caution, has thorns, use before angustifolia

rhino, bats fruit sets

有蹄类动物、黑犀食叶、茎：注意有刺，在挂果前使用 牛、蝙蝠 Lolium species all 全部 Salvia species mammals olfactory 哺乳动物 气味刺激 Artemisia species Sagittaria

lancifolia Sanguisorba all species 全部 Gaultheria all shallon 全部 Hippophae giraffe, elephant, plant has thorns rhamnoides

mt.goat 植物带刺 长颈鹿、大象、山羊

Tamarix orangutans, bears parviflora 猩猩、熊 Sassafrans leaves, langurs eat fruit albidum 食叶。叶猴食果实 Chrysuphyllum fruit bats pollen oliviforme 果蝠 食花粉 Kigelia pinnata birds, primates flowers, buds, nectar_\"sausage\" fruit may be

鸟类、灵长类

toxic 食花、芽、花蜜、“腊肠”果实可能有毒。

Zelkova serrata gorilla bark

大猩猩 食树皮

Pandanus species all

全部

Carex species hoofstock leaves

有蹄动物 食叶

Sedum species Almelanchier fruit eaters

harvest fruit only alniofolia 食果实的动物 仅收获果实 Sesamun all

indicum

全部

280

Shiny Xylosma Xylosma fruit bats

congestum 柞木 果蝠

Showy Beardtongue Penstemon

grandiflorus 大花钓钟柳

Siberian Pea Shrub/ Caragana all, giraffe Tree arborescens 全部、长颈鹿 西伯利亚锦鸡儿 Silk Tree, Mimosa Albizia all

julibrissin 木棉树、含羞草 全部

Silver Maple Acer all

saccharinum 银白槭 全部

Silver Wattle Acacia dealbata 白粉金合欢

Silverthorn, Thorny Elaeagnus hoofstock Elaeagnus pungens 有蹄动物 银刺、胡颓子 Sissoo Dahlbergia

sissoo 黄檀木

Snapdragons Antirrhinum fruit bats

majus 金鱼草 果蝠

Snowbell Styraz species 大叶野茉莉 Sorgum Sorghum species primates 高粱 灵长类

leaves

食叶

can also hang as sparring partner 也可作为丰容器具悬挂 leaves, stems, bark 食叶、茎、树皮

leaves:

食叶：caution, has thorns 注意有刺 flowers 食花

also use leaves for bedding; foliage may be toxic when frosted or with rapid growth following drought

也使用叶子铺床；霜冻后的叶子可能有毒或干旱后快速增多。 bats like fleshy petals 蝙蝠喜欢新鲜的花瓣

Southern Magnolia, Magnolia Big Leaf macrophylla 南方木兰、大叶木兰

all 全部

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name Botanical Name Browsing Animals Comments 通用名 拉丁名 食草动物 备注 Spanish-Bayonet Yucca species all 条千手兰 全部 Sparkleberry Vaccinium arboreum berries 臼莓 食浆果 Spicebush Lindera species all 山胡椒 全部 Spider Plant Chlorophytum all

comosum 吊兰 全部

Spinach Spinacia reevesiana fruit bats leaves 菠菜 果蝠 食叶 Spineless Carthamus tinctorius bats Safflower 蝙蝠 红花

Spiral Ginger Costus spiralis fruit bats pollen 旋转野姜花 果蝠 食花粉 Spruce Trees Picea species 云杉 St. Augustine Stenotaphrum flying foxes leaves Grass secundatum 狐蝠 食叶

281

圣奥古斯丁草

Strawberry Fragaria species 草莓

Strawberry Guava Psidium cattleianum 草莓番石榴 Strawberry Tree Arbutus unedo 杨梅树 Sugar Cane Saccharum

officinarum 甘蔗

Sugar Hackberry Celtis laevigata 糖朴

Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 糖槭 Sumac Rhus species 漆树

Swedish Ivy Plectranthus

oertendahlii 瑞士常春藤

Sweet Acacia Acacia farnesiana 鸭皂树

Sweet Alyssum Lobularia species 香雪球 Sweet Gum Liquidambar species 香枫

Sweet Pea Lathyrus odoratus 香豌豆

Sweet Pepper Bush Clethra alnifolia 美洲山柳 Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas 甘薯

Sweet Woodruff 香猪殃殃 Sweetflag 菖蒲

Galium odoratum Acorus calamus

all 全部 all 全部 hoofstock 有蹄动物 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠 all 全部

leaves, stems, bark 食叶、茎、树皮 leaves, branches, bark 食叶、枝、树皮

oils can cause allergies in humans but not animals 油会导致人类过敏，但对动物不会。

favored browse 喜爱的饲料

flowers; wild varieties may be toxic 食花，野生品种可能有毒。

Ipomoea species includes morning glory and pearly gates which

番薯属包括牵牛花和蔓性玫瑰有毒

Sydney Golden Acacia longifolia Wattle

长叶相思树 Tamarisk Tamarix africana 柽柳

Throughwort Eupatorium species 兰香草 Thyme Thymus species 百里香 Tickseed Coreopsis species 金鸡菊

Timothy Hay Pheleum pratense 提摩西草 Torenia Torenia fournieri 夏堇

Transvaal Daisy Gerbera jamesonii 非洲菊

Treasure Flower Gazania regens 勋章菊

Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima 臭椿

all 全部 prairie dog, capybara

草原土拨鼠、水豚 rhino 犀牛 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠

flowers 食花

fruit bats flower 果蝠 食花 colobus, silver leaf leaves languar 食叶

282

Trefoil, Almonds 三叶草、

Trumpet Creeper 凌霄花

Lotus species Campsis radicans

疣猴、银叶猴 all 全部 all 全部

seeds are toxic 种子有毒

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name Botanical Name Browsing Animals Comments 通用名 拉丁名 食草动物 备注 Tulip Tree Spathodea

campanulata 鹅掌楸

Tulip Tree, Poplar Liriodendron all whole branches, fruit, flowers Tree tulipifera 全部 全部树枝、果实、花可食 鹅掌楸、白杨树 Turkis Cap Malvaviscus fruit bats flowers

arboreus 悬铃花 果蝠 食花

Turnip, Bok Choy Brassica rapa fruit bats amount should be limited 萝卜、白菜 果蝠 应数量 Umbrella Cyperus all, hoofstock Sedge/Grass /Palm alternifolius 全部、有蹄类动物 旱伞草 Viburnum Viburnum all

odoratissimum 荚蒾 全部

Walking Stick Palm Linosoadix

monostachya 拐杖棕榈

Wallflower Cheiranthus species all 桂竹香 全部 Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes bears all 水葫芦 熊 全部 Water Lettuce Pistia stratiodes 水浮莲 Watermelon Citrullus lanatus all fruit 西瓜 全部 果实 Wattle Acacia species 金合欢树 Weeping Fig Ficus benjamina primates, rhino favored browse 垂叶榕 灵长类、犀牛 喜爱的饲料 Western Catalpa Catalpa speciosa all 黄金树 全部 White Ash Fraxinus americana 美国白蜡树 White Fir Abies concolor 白冷杉

Wild Geranium Geranium

maculatum 野生老鸛草

Willow Salix species all, bats leaves, stems, bark, controls diarrhea in moose,

favored browse 柳树 全部、蝙蝠

食叶、茎、树皮、控制驼鹿的腹泻，喜爱的饲料

\"Willowwood\" Viburnum

rhytidophylloides 皱叶荚蒾

winged euonymous Euonymus alatus leaf cutter ants leaves, stems

283

鬼箭羽

Winter Jasmine Jasminum

nudiflorum 迎春花

Wintergreen Gaultheria

procumbens 冬青

Wintertorn Acacia albida 微白金合欢 Wisteria Wisteria frutescens 紫藤

Witch Hazel Hamamelis

virginiana 金缕梅

Yard Long Bean Vigna unguicalate 绿豇豆 Yellow Guava, Psidium guajava Tropical Guava

黄色番石榴、热带番石榴

Yellow Wood Cladrastis lutea 黄颜木 Yellowthorn Xanthoceras

sorbifolium 黄刺梅

Zebra Plant Aphelandra

tetragona 银脉金叶木

Zinnia Zinnia species 百日草 Zulu Fig Ficus lutea 祖鲁无花果 Acacia brevispica

Bradford Pear 豆梨

切叶蚁 all 全部 all 全部 bats 蝙蝠

食叶、茎

seeds are toxic 种子有毒

all 全部 all 全部 fruit bats 果蝠

tortoises, primates 龟、灵长类

pollen 食花粉 flower, fruit 食花、果实

Bradford Pears turn urine red, recommended for parrots

豆梨呈尿红色时，不建议给鹦鹉食用

not

hoofstock 有蹄动物

Ensete ventricosum rhino

犀牛

Ficus elastica rhino

犀牛

Pyrus calleryana bats eat flowers 'Bradfordi' 蝙蝠食花

Browse Plants List – Scientific Name

饲料植物名录——学名

Common Name Botanical Name Browsing Animals

通用名 拉丁名 食草动物 Star Jasmine Trachelospermym fruit bats

jasminoides 星芒茉莉 果蝠

Browse Plant List compiled by Lee Houts, 饲料植物名录由Lee Houts编写 Folsom City Zoo Sanctuary 福尔瑟姆市动物园保护区 AAZK Enrichment Committee AAZK丰容委员会

Reviewed by: Terry Goureau, Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo 审核人：Terry Goureau，奥马哈亨利多立动物园 Association of Zoological Horticulture (AZH) 动物园艺协会（AZH）

Comments 备注

leaves and flowers 食叶和花

284