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高考英语大题精做阅读理解七选五含解析新人教版

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高考英语大题精做05阅读理解七选五含解析新人教版

1、阅读理解七选五一、《考试大纲》对阅读理解的主要要求1.把握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和详情;2.既理解具体的事实,也理解抽象的概念;3.既理解字面意思,也理解依据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义,包括的看法、意图等;4.既理解某句、某段的意义,也理解全篇的规律关系,并据此进行推理和推断;5.既能依据文章所提供的信息去理解,也能结合中学生自己应有的常识去理解。二、考试大纲对阅读理解七选五的要求试卷中题干表述如下:依据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项

2、中有两项为多余选项。阅读理解七选五,即给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章,对应有七个选项,依据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中〔均为完好的句子〕选出五个能填入文章空处的最正确选项,主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文规律意义的理解和把握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响,表达了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力;逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似,虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面,七选五考查的是句子层面,但是

3、它们的考查方式是一样的,只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯,符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行,因此,这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍旧具有客观题的特点,又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙,只是选项少,以句子形式出现,考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文规律意义的理解和把握。”可以得出以下推断:该题备选项可分为主旨概括句〔文章整体内容〕、过渡性句子〔文章结构〕和解释性句子〔上下文规律意义〕三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进

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4、行设置,例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,解释性句子与上文脱节等。三、阅读理解七选五题型的特点1.符合《英语课程标准》中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求和《2021年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中“假如盼望精确、深刻地理解一篇文章,必需对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉,即句与句、段与段之间的规律关系。”的要求。假如说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考查,它是语言表达的基本单位,属于语言的组织规律,那么阅

5、读填空题就是章法范围内的考查,是语言使用的范畴,属于言语的组织规律,简洁地说,前者侧重语言的结构—语法,而后者侧重语言的使用—章法。2.注重考查学生的规律思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程,新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的学问,而且要有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的规律思维能力,是阅读的深层理解,也是阅读的核心和关键。3.题材新颖,具有深厚的时代气息和较高的真实性,与学生的学习经受和生活经受相适应,与新课程理念下的高考改革走向相适应,与高中英语教学实际相适应,遵循了《

6、英语课程标准》的评价理念,保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。附:近三年新课标全国卷高考七选五实况分析:年份卷别体裁题材话题2021年全国卷夹叙夹议文社会生活爱上了露营,建议读者找到适合自己的回来自然的方式全国卷II说明文社会生活几点避开工作时被打搅的建议全国卷III说明文社会生活如何关心人们制订一个打算去调整生物钟,确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事2021年全国卷I说明文文化科技密码的设置方法和破解的方法全国卷II说明文社会生活自己建设花园的具体建议全国卷III说明文社会生活买鱼和烧鱼的常识2021年

7、全国卷I说明文人际关系重新建立人际关系中的信任全国卷II说明文社会生活马拉

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松的预备工作Passage1〔2021新课标卷I〕

IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.The

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yhadnothingincommonwithme.36Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabad

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caseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesofl

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ife.39Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefin

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dshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A.Thistimethe

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rewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip,

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myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.36.D【解析】依据前文可知三年前认为露营和自己无关,而后文中说明喜爱露营,示意此处对待露营的情感看法应当出现转变。D选项中的however表示转折。且

IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping示意看法的转变就在三年前

13、,D选项中的sincethen“自从那时候起”和前文时间吻合。应选D。37.C【解析】依

Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom

可知第一次露营的条件很艰苦,C

选项

Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.中的rough示意了这一点,符合语境。应选C。38.A【解析】依据上段中Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire

14、,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知第一次露营时住帐篷,露天生火做饭,走很远的距离去洗澡、上厕所,条件很艰苦,而后文中Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.说明第二次露营有床有空调。A选项Thistimetherewasnotent“这次没有帐篷了”示意进行了第二次露营,而且条件比较好,符合语境。应选A。39.F【解析】依据后文web

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oughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.可知一家为了露营买了房车,里面设备齐全,说明一家人是喜爱露营的。F选项Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedinca

16、mping(那次露营之后,我的家人开始对露营感兴趣)符合语境,应选F。Passage2〔

2021

II

Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou’retryingtogetworkdone.36,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let’stakealookatthemnow.37.Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoa

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ndthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen.38.Itcanhelptoeliminate(

除)futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtosomeone,don’tdoitinyourownoffice.39,it’smuc

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heasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouareIfyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter.Excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthe

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19、hint(示

意)thanwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.A.Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB.WhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkC.SetboundariesforyourselfasyourtimegoesD.Ifyou’reintheotherperson’sofficeorinapublicareaE.It’simportantthatyouletthemknowwhe

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nyou’llbeavailableF.ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshirtwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。为避开工作被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事,文章提出了几点建议,防

37.A

“Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthi

21、ngstodoandthenaskiftheofyoucantalkatadifferenttime”可知,学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。应选

A。38.E【解析】依据横线前

“havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen”支配好时间,让他们知道你在什么时候回来,或者告知他们,你会去找他们,再结合后文“Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions”可知选E。

22、39.D【解析】依据后文

“it’smucheaseiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare”,此句中it指代前文“don’tdoitinyourownoffice.”,也就是说此段中认为比起在自己的办公室解释,不在自己的办公室更简单点。应选“Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegoodu

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D。40.G【解析】依据

23、seofit.”可知,此段主要是讲解并描述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打搅

G

Passage3

2021

III

Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock.36Here’showtomakeone.●37Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyi

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t’simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.●Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,consider

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re-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.38That’saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.●Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’r

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etiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39●Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmet

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hodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwa

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ke-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了如何关心人们制订一个打算去调整生物钟,确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事。38.G【解析】依据下句内容可知,建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机,这样可以节省15分钟的喝咖啡时间,能够多睡15分钟,文中的aquarter-hour和选项中的15minutes相呼应,是信息提示词。应选G。39.F【解析】依据段落的中

29、心句可知,本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间,由此推断出Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday符合语境。应选F。40.E【解析】后句建议人们假如这样做没作用就尝试新方法,由此推断出该空与Ifnot对应,即假如有效果的话如何去做。应选

E。Passage4〔2021

北京卷〕

Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,the

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ydiewithinamonth.71Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(

强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepev

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31、olvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经

元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesl

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eep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight’s,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwe

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maybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.75“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportan

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tmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTono

35、

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ni,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.【文章大意】本文讲解并描述了睡眠的重要性。73.F【解析】依据下文中的he,可知此处要提到一个人,以及他的理论应选F。74.G【解析】依据下文中提到的关键词synapsesinthemice可知,他确定做了老鼠的试验,答案为G。75.B【解析】依据后一句提到的Youkeepwhatmatters,你记住重要的东西,可知

36、大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来,应选B。模拟精做Passage1(陕西省西安市2021届

拟)HowtoMakePlansMostpeoplegetscaredwhentalkingaboutplanningorwritingplans.1Andyouneedtoplanforsuccessasplanningreallyworksandinspiresyoutogostraightahead.However,howtocreateeffectiveplansisstillaproblem.Don’two

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rry,andjustfollowthestepsbelow.Step12Whatplanshaveyouhadinthepast?Probably,insomeofyourplans,youhaven’tendedupwhereyouthoughtyouweregoingtoendup.Getagoodunderstandingofwhatyouhavedoneandwhatyouhaven’tdoneinthepast.Itisaprimaryfoundationforyournewplan.Ifhaving

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noplan,justtakeactionsandmakeplansrightnow.Step2ThinkabouttheWhat-IfsWhenyouarebuildingyourplans,youshouldconsiderwhereyouaregoingandmakecleartheWhat-Ifs.Becausenoteverythingjustgoessmoothlyasyoubelieve.3Step3DocumenttheplansWhenstartingtomakeplans,youshouldt

39、

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rytowritethemdown.Itisofkeyimportanceforthefuture.4Inaddition,makesureyouhavetheplansfullywrittenoutwithallthekeyelementsconcerned,includingdetails.Step4UpdatetheplansAccordingtoyourwrittenplansandactualsituation,youshouldcheckouttheplansyouhavecompletedandha

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ven’tcompleted.5Makesurealltheassumptionsarethereandworkoutthedetails.Afterhangingonforsomedays,planningwillbegettingsimplerandeasier.A.ReviewhistoricalplansB.MakenewplansimmediatelyC.Actually,peoplearemorelikelytosucceedinaplannedwayD.Andyouneedtocontinuewha

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tyouhaven’tdoneandupdateitE.NotallpeoplecanmemorizeeverywordtheysaidandthoughtwellF.AndwhatyoushoulddonextistocheckyourplansmonthlyorquarterlyG.Foryourbenefits,youneedtomakePlanAandPlanBincaseofchangesandcontingencies(偶发事件).【语篇解读】本文就如何制定打算提出了一些建议。1.C【解析】依据后一句

42、Andyouneedtoplanforsuccess〔你需要制定打算来获得胜利〕可知,打算和胜利之间的关系,而C项正好有这两个关键词,人们以有打算的方式行事就更有可能胜利,应选C项。2.A【解析】依据本段第一句Whatplanshaveyouhadinthepast?问过去的打算,故本段的标题是关于过去的打算,A项有

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