英语中常用的前缀和后缀

英语中常用的前缀和后缀

一、常用的前缀和后缀 1、常用前缀 aero-：concerning the air of aircraft plane-aeroplane space-aerospace anti-：against；opposite of nuclear-antinuclear matter-antimatter war-antiwar auto-：of or by oneself biography-autobiography criticism-autocriticism be-：to treat as the stated thing

friend-befriend little-belittle bi-：two；twice；double lingual-bilingual cycle-bicycle bio-：concerning living things chemistry-biochemistry sphere-biosphere by-，bye-：less important produce-by-produce way-byway centi-：hundredth part grade-centigrade meter-centimeter

co-：together，with author-coauthor exist-coexist col-：( used before l ) together，with location-collocation com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with passion-compassion con-：together，with centric-concentric federation-confederation contra-：opposite diction-contradiction natural-contranatural cor-：( used before r ) together，with

relate-correlate respond-correspond counter-：opposite act-counteract attack-counterattack cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them country-crosscountry breed-crossbreed de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce code-decode value-devalue dis-：not；the opposite of advantage-disadvantage agree-disagree

honest-dishonest em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become body-embody power-empower en-：to cause to become；to make danger-endanger large-enlarge ex-：former ( and still living ) minister-ex-minister wife-ex-wife extra-：outside；beyond curricular-extracurricular ordinary-extraordinary fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front

arm-forearm warn-forewarn il-：( used before l ) not legal-illegal literate-illiterate im-：( used before b，m，p ) not moral-immoral possible-impossible in-：not direct-indirect sensitive-insensitive infra-：below in a range；beyond red-infrared structure--infrastructure

inter-：between；among change--interchange national--international intra-：inside，within；into city--intracity department--intra-department ir-：（used before r）not regular--irregular responsible--irresponsible kilo-：thousand gram--kilogram meter--kilometer macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of

economics--macroeconomics structure--macrostructure mal-：bad or badly function--malfunction treat--maltreat micro-：extremely small computer--microcomputer electronics--microelectronics mid-：middle day--midday night--midnight mini-：small；short bus--minibus skirt--miniskirt

mis-：bad or badly；wrong or wrongly fortune--misfortune understand--misunderstand mono-：one；single plane--monoplane tone--monotone multi-：more than one；many purpose--multipurpose national--multinational non-：not resident--non(-)resident sense--nonsense out-：outside；beyond live--outlive

door--outdoor over-：too much；above；additional head--overhead time--overtime poly-：many centric--polycentric syllabic--polysyllabic post-：later than；after graduate--postgraduate war--postwar pre-：before；in advance pay--prepay war--prewar pro-：in favor of，supporting

America--pro-America abortion--pro-abortion pseudo-：not real；false name--pseudonym science--pseudoscience re-：again；back to the former state unite--reunite use--reuse self-：by means of oneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in oneself or itself employed--self-employed taught--self-taught semi-：half；partly circle--semicircle

final--semifinal step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried mother--stepmother children--stepchildren sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger whole divide--subdivide section--subsection super-：more，larger，greater than usual market--supermarket natural--supernatural tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television communication--telecommunication screen--telescreen

therm(o)-：concerning heat chemistry--thermochemistry meter--thermometer trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between Atlantic-transatlantic plant-transplant tri-: three; three times angular-triangular cycle-tricycle ultra-: beyond; very, extremely modern-ultramodern sound-ultrasound un-: not certain-uncertain

fortunate-unfortunate under-: too little; below develop-underdevelop sea-undersea uni-: one, singer form-uniform directional-unidirectional vice-: next in the rank; below chairman-vice-chairman president-vice-president 2.常用后缀 （1）名词后缀 -ability，-ibility able-ability

flexible-flexibility -age post-postage short-shortage -al arrive-arrival refuse-refusal -an，-ian，-arian library-librarian music-musician -ance，-ence appear-appearance refer-reference -ancy，-ency

emerge-emergency expect-expectancy -ant，-ent apply-applicant correspond-correspondent -cy accurate-accuratcy private-privacy -dom king-kingdom free-freedom -ee employ-employee interview-interviewee

-er，-or，-ar paint-painter beg-beggar -ery brave-bravery slave-slavery -ese China-Chinaese Japan-Japanese -ess actor-actress waiter-waitress -ful hand-handful

spoon-spoonful -hood child-childhood man-manhood -ics electron-electronics linguist-linguistics -ion，-ition，-ation collect-collection observe-observation -ism Marx-Marxism socialist-socialism -ist

psychiatry-psychiatrist violin-violinist -ity，-ty cruel-cruelty pure-purity -ment move-movement retire--retirement -ness dark--darkness happy--happiness -ology climate--climatology future--futurology

-ship friend--friendship scholar--scholarship -sion，-ssion decide--decision expand--expansion -th grow--growth wide--width -ure close--closure expose--exposure (2)动词前缀 -en

deep--deepen fast--fasten -ify class--classify simple--simplify -ize，-ise modern--modernize / modernize popular--popularize / popularize (3)形容词后缀 -able，-ible suit--suitable question--questionable -al nature--natural

structure--structural -an，-arian，-ian suburb--suburban Canada--Canadian -ant，-ent differ--different please--pleasant -ary，-ory advise--advisory custom--customary -ate consider--considerate fortune--fortunate -en

gold--golden wood--wooden -ese China--Chinese Japan--Japanese -free care--carefree duty--duty-free -ful care--careful pain--painful -ic，-ical atom--atomic psychology--psychological

-ish girl--girlish child--childish -ive create--creative support--supportive -less hope--hopeless pain--painless -like child--childlike lady--ladylike -ly man--manly

month--monthly -ous，-ious danger--dangerous poison--poisonous -some tire--tiresome trouble--troublesome -ward down--downward up--upward -y guilt-guilty noise-noisy (4)副词后缀

-ly easy-easily heavy-heavily -ward，-wards east-eastward(s) north-northward(s) -wise clock-clockwise other-otherwise