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2017年MBA考试真题及答案解析

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2017年管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题

一、问题求解:第1~15小题,每小题3分,共45分。下列每题给出的A.B.C.D.E五个选项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的,请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。 1、某品牌的电冰箱连续两次降价10%后的售价是降价前的() A.80%

B.81%

C.82%

D.83%

E.85%

2、甲、乙、丙三种货车的载重量成等差数列,2辆甲种车和1辆乙种车满载量为95吨,1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车满载量为150吨。则用甲、乙、丙各1辆车一次最多运送货物()吨 A.125

B.120

C.115

D.110

E.105

3、张老师到一所中学进行招生咨询,上午接受了45名同学的咨询,其中的9名同学下午又咨询了张老师,占张老师下午咨询学生的10%。一天中向张老师咨询的学生人数为() A.81

B.90

C.115

D.126

E.135

4、某种机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为1米的圆,若该机器人沿直线行走10米。其搜索过的区域的面积(单位:平方米)为() A.102

B.10

C.20 2

D.20

E.10

5、不等式x1x2的解集为() A.,1

3B.,

2

3C.1, 2

D.1,

3E., 26、在1与100之间,能被9整除的整数的平均值为() A.27

B.36

C.45

D.54

E.63

7、某试卷由15道选择题组成,每道题有4个选项,只有一项是符合试题要求的,甲有6道题能确定正确选项,有5道题能排除2个错误选项,有4道题能排除1个错误选项。若从每题排除后剩余的选项中选1个作为答案,则甲能得满分的概率为()

11A.45 23

11B.54 23

11C.54 2313D.4 24513E.4 245

8、某公司用1万元购买了价格分别是1750元和950元的甲、乙两种办公设备,则购买的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为() A.3,5

B.5,3

C.4,4

D.2,6

E.6,2

9、如图1,在扇形AOB中,AOBA.

4,OA1,ACOB,则阴影部分的面积为()

1 841 44 B.

1 881 48 C.

1 42

D.

E.

图1

10、老师问班上50名同学周末复习的情况,结果有20人复习过数学,30人复习过语文,6人复习过英语,且同时复习了数学和语文的有10人,语文和英语的有2人,英语和数学的有3人。若同时复习过这三门课的人数为0,则没有复习过这三门课程的学生的人数是() A.7

B.8

C.9

D.10

E.11

11、甲从1,2,3中抽取一数,记为a,乙从1,2,3,4中抽取一数,记为b。规定当ab或a1b时甲获胜,则甲获胜的概率为()

1A. 6 B.

1 4

1C. 3 D.

5 12 E.

1 2''2:3,AA',则ABC和A'B'C'的12、已知ABC和A'B'C'满足AB:A'B'AC:AC面积之比为() A.2:3

B.3:5

C.2:3

D.2:5

E.4:9

13、将6人分为3组,每组2人,则不同的分组方式有()种 A.12

B.15

C.30

D.45

E.90

14、甲、乙、丙三人每轮各投篮10次,投了三轮。投中数如下表:

甲 乙 丙

第一轮 2 5 8 第二轮 5 2 4 第三轮 8 5 9

记1,2,3分别为甲、乙、丙投中数的方差,则() A.123

B.132

C.213 D.231

E.321

15、将长、宽、高分别是12,9和6的长方体切割成正方体,且切割后无剩余,则能切割成相同正方体的最少个数为() A.3

B.6

C.24

D.96

E.648

二.条件充分性判断:第16~25题,每小题3分,共30分。要求判断每题给出的条件(1)

和条件(2)能否充分支持题干所陈述的结论。A.B.C.D.E五个选项为判断结果,请选择一项符合试题要求的判断。

A:条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分 B:条件(2)充分,但条件(1)不充分

C:条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和(2)联合起来充分 D:条件(1)充分,条件(2)也充分

E:条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和(2)联合起来也不充分

1116、某人需要处理若干份文件,第一小时处理了全部文件的,第二小时处理了剩余文件的,

54则此人需要处理的文件共25份

(1)前两个小时处理了10份文件 (2)第二小时处理了5份文件

17、某人从A地出发,先乘时速为220千米的动车,后转乘时速为100千米的汽车达到B地,则A,B两地的距离为960千米 (1)乘动车时间与乘汽车时间相等

(2)乘动车时间与乘汽车的时间之和为6小时 18、直线yaxb与抛物线yx2有两个交点 (1)a24b (2)b0

19、能确定某企业产值的月平均增长率 (1)已知一月份的产值

(2)已知全年的总产值

20、圆x2y2axbyc0与x轴相切,则能确定c的值 (1)已知a的值 (2)已知b的值

21、如图2,一个铁球沉入水池中,则能确定铁球的体积 (1)已知铁球露出水面的高度 (2)已知水深及铁球与水面交线的周长

图2

22、某人参加资格考试,有A类和B类可选择,A类的合格标准是抽3道题至少会做2道,B类的合格标准是2道题需都会做,则此人参加A类合格的机会大 (1)此人A类题中有60%会做 (2)此人B类题中有80%会做

23、设a,b是两个不相等的实数,则函数fxx22axb的最小值小于零 (1)1,a,b成等差数列 (2)1,a,b成等比数列

24、已知a,b,c为三个实数,则minab,bc,ac5 (1)a5,b5,c5 (2)abc15

25、某机构向12位教师征题,共征集到5种题型的试题52道,则能确定供题教师的人数 (1)每位供题教师提供的试题数相同 (2)每位供题教师提供的题型不超过2种

三、逻辑推理:第26~55小题,每小题2分,共60分。下列每题给出的A. B. C. D. E

五个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求。请在答题纸上将所选字母涂黑。

26. 倪教授认为,我国工程技术领域可以考虑与国外先进技术合作,但任何涉及核心技术的项

目决不能受制于人;我国许多网络安全建设项目涉及信息核心技术,如果全盘引进国外先进技术而不努力自主创新,我国的网络安全将会受到严重威胁。 根据倪教授的陈述,可以得出以下哪项?

A. 我国许多网络安全建设项目不能与国外先进技术合作。 B. 我国工程技术领域的所有项目都不能受制于人。

C. 如果能做到自主创新,我国的网络安全就不会受到严重威胁。 D. 我国有些网络安全建设项目不能受制于人。

E. 只要不是全盘引进国外先进技术,我国的网络安全就不会受到严重威胁。

27. 任何结果都不能凭空出现,它们的背后都是有原因的,任何背后的原因的事物均可以被人

认识,而可以被人认识的事物都必然不是毫无规律的。 根据以上陈述,以下哪项一定为假? A. 那些可以被人认识的事物,必然有规律。 B. 任何结果出现的背后都是有原因的。 C. 任何结果都可以被人认识。 D. 人有可能认识所有事物。 E. 有些结果的出现可能毫无规律。

28. 近年来,我国海外代购业务量快速增长,代购者们通常从海外购买产品,通过各种渠道避

开关税,再卖给内地顾客,从中牟利,却让政府损失了税收收入。某专家由此指出,政府应该严厉打击海外代购行为。

以下哪项如果为真,最能支持上述专家的观点?

A. 近期,有位前空乘服务员因在网上开设海外代购店而被我国地方法院判定犯有走私罪。 B. 去年,我国奢侈品海外代购规模几乎是全球奢侈品国内门店销售额的一半,这些交易大多避开了关税。

C. 国内民众的消费需求提高是伴随我国经济发展而产生的正常现象,应以此为契机促进国内同类消费品产业的升级。

D. 海外代购提升了人们生活水准,满足了国内部分民众对于高品质生活的向往。 E. 国内一些企业生产的同类产品与海外代购产品相比,无论质量还是价格都缺乏竞争优势。

29. 某剧组招募群众演员,为配合剧情,需要招4类角色,外国游客1-2名,购物者2-3名,

商贩2名,路人若干。仅有甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己等6人可供选择,且每个人在同一场景中只能出演一个角色。已知: (1)只有甲、乙才能出演外国游客;

(2)上述4类角色在每个场景中至少有3类同时出现; (3)每一场景中,若乙或丁出演商贩,则甲和丙出演购物者; (4)购物者和路人的数量之和在每个场景中不超过2。 根据上述信息可以得出以下哪项?

A. 至少有2人需要在不同的场景中出演不同的角色。

B. 在同一场景中,若戊和己出演路人,则甲只可能出演外国游客。 C. 甲、乙、丙、丁不会在同一场景中同时出现。

D. 在同一场景中,若乙出演外国游客,则甲只可能出演商贩。 E. 在同一场景中,若丁和戊出演购物者,则乙只可能出演外国游客。

30. 离家300米的学校不能上,却被安排到2公里外的学校就读,某市一位适龄儿童在上小学

时就遭遇了所在区教育局这样的安排,而这一安排是区教育局根据儿童户籍所在施教区做出的。根据该市教育局规定的“就近入学”原则,儿童家长将区教育局告上法院,要求撤销原来安排,让其孩子就近入学。法院对此作出一审判决,驳回原告请求。 下列哪项最可能是法院判决的合理依据?

A. “就近入学”不是“最近入学”,不能将入学儿童户籍地和学校的直线距离作为划分施教区的唯一根据。

B. 该区教育局划分施教区的行政行为符合法律规定,而原告孩子户籍所在施教区的确需要去离家2公里外的学校就读。

C. 按照地理要素划分施教区中的每所小学不一定就处于施教区的中心位置。

D. “就近入学”仅仅是一个需要遵循的总体原则,儿童具体入学安排还要根据特定的情况加以变通。

E. 儿童入学究竟应上哪一所学校,不是让适龄儿童或其家长自主选择,而是要听从政府主管部门的行政安排。

31. 张立是一位单身白领,工作5年积累了一笔存款。由于该笔存款金额尚不足以购房,他考

虑将其暂时分散投资到股票、黄金、基金、国债和外汇等5个方面。该笔存款的投资需要满足如下条件:

(1)如果黄金投资比例高于1/2,则剩余部分投入国债和股票; (2)如果股票投资比例低于1/3,则剩余部分不能投入外汇或国债; (3)如果外汇投资比例低于1/4,则剩余部分投入基金或黄金; (4)国债投资比例不能低于1/6。 根据上述信息,可以得出以下哪项? A. 国债投资比例高于1/2。 B. 外汇投资比例不低于1/3。 C. 股票投资比例不低于1/4。 D. 黄金投资比例不低于1/5。 E. 基金投资比例低于1/6。

32. 通识教育重在帮助学生掌握尽可能全面的基础知识,即帮助学生了解各个学科领域的基本

常识;而人文教育则重在教育学生了解生活世界的意义,并对自己及他人行为的价值和意义作出合理的判断,形成“智识”。因此有专家指出,相比较而言,人文教育对个人未来生活的影响会更大一些。

以下哪项如果为真,最能支持上述专家的断言?

A. 当今我国有些大学开设的通识教育课程要远远多于人文教育课程。 B. “知识”是事实判断,“智识”是价值判断,两者不能相互替代。

C. 没有知识就会失去应对未来生活挑战的勇气,而错误的价值观可能会误导人的生活。 D. 关于价值和意义的判断事关个人的幸福和尊严,值得探究和思考。

E. 没有知识,人依然可以活下去;但如果没有价值和意义的追求,人只能成为没有灵魂的躯壳。

33. 33~34题基于以下题干:丰收公司刑经理需要在下个月赴湖北,湖南,安徽,江西,江苏,

浙江,福建7省进行市场需求调研,各省均调研一次。他的行程需满足以下条件: (1)第一个或最后一个调研江西省

(2)调研安徽省的时间早于浙江省,在这两省的调研之间调研除了福建省的另外两省 (3)调研福建省的时间安排在调研浙江省之前或刚好调研完浙江省之后 (4)第三个调研江苏省

如果邢经理首先赴安徽省调研,则关于他的行程可以确定以下哪个选项? A. 第二个调研湖北省。

B. 第二个调研湖南省。 C. 第五个调研福建省。 D. 第五个调研湖北省。 E. 第五个调研浙江省。

34. 如果安徽省是邢经理第二个调研身份,则关于他的行程,可以确定以下哪个选项?

A. 第一个调研江西省。 B. 第四个调研湖北省。 C. 第五个调研浙江省。 D. 第五个调研湖南省。 E. 第六个调研福建省。

35. 王研究员:我国政府提出的“大众创业、万众创新”激励着每一个创业者。对于创业者来

说,最重要的是需要一种坚持精神。不管在创业中遇到什么困难,都要坚持下去。 李教授:对于创业者来说,最重要的是要敢于尝试新技术。因为有些新技术一些大公司不敢轻易尝试,这就为创业者带来了成功的契机。

根据以上信息,以下哪项最准确的指出了王研究员与李教授的分歧所在?

A. 最重要的是坚持把创业这件事做好,成为创业大众的一员,还是努力发明新技术,成为创新万种的一员。

B. 最重要的是需要一种坚持精神,不畏艰难,还是要敢于尝试新技术,把握事业成功的契机。

C. 最重要的是坚持创业,有毅力有恒心把事业一直做下去,还是坚持创新,做出更多的科学发现和技术发明。

D. 最重要的是坚持创业,敢于成立小公司,还是尝试新技术,敢于挑战大公司。 E. 最重要的是敢于迎接各种创业难题的挑战,还是敢于尝试那些大公司不敢轻易尝试的新技术。

36. 进入冬季以来,内含大量有毒颗粒物的雾霾频繁袭击我国部分地区。有关调查显示,持续

接触高浓度污染物会直接导致10%至15%的人患有眼睛慢性炎症或干眼症,有专家由此认为,如果不采取紧急措施改善空气质量,这些疾病的发病率和相关的并发症将会增加。 以下哪项如果为真,最能支持上述专家的观点?

A. 空气质量的改善不是短期内能做到的,许多人不得不在污染环境中工作。 B. 上述被调查的眼疾患者中有65%是年龄在20-40岁之间的男性。

C. 眼睛慢性炎症或干眼症等病例通常集中出现于花粉季。

D. 在重污染环境中采取戴护目镜、定期洗眼等措施有助于预防干眼症等眼疾。 E. 有毒颗粒物会刺激并损害人的眼睛,长期接触会影响泪腺细胞。

37. 很多成年人对于儿时熟悉的《唐诗三百首》中的许多名诗,常常仅记得几句名句,而不知

诗作者或诗名。甲校中文系硕士生只有三个年级,每个年级人数相等。统计发现,一年级学生都能把该书中的名句与诗名及其作者对应起来;二年级2/3的学生能把该书中的名句与作者对应起来;三年级1/3的学生不能把该书中的名句与诗名对应起来。 根据上述信息,关于该校中文系硕士生,可以得出以下哪项? A. 大部分硕士生能将该书中的名句与诗名及其作者对应起来。 B. 1/3以上的硕士生不能将该书中的名句与诗名或作者对应起来。 C. 1/3以上的一、二年级学生不能把该书中的名句与作者对应起来。 D. 2/3以上的一、三年级学生能把该书中的名句与诗名对应起来。 E. 2/3以上的一、二年级学生不能把该书中的名句与诗名对应起来。

38. 婴儿通过触碰物体、四处玩耍和观察成人的行为等方式来学习,但机器人通常只能按照编

定的程序进行学习。于是,有些科学家试图研制学习方式更接近于婴儿的机器人。他们认为,既然婴儿是地球上最有效率的学习者,为什么不设计出能像婴儿那样不费力气就能学习的机器人呢?

以下哪项最可能是上述科学家观点的假设?

A. 成年人和现有的机器人都不能像婴儿那样毫不费力地学习。

B. 即使是最好的机器人,它们的学习能力也无法超过最差的婴儿学习者。 C. 通过触碰、玩耍和观察等方式来学习是地球上最有效率的学习方式。 D. 婴儿的学习能力是天生的,他们的大脑与其他动物幼崽不同。 E. 如果机器人能像婴儿那样学习,它们的智能就有可能超过人类。

39. 针对癌症患者,医生常采用化疗手段将药物直接注入人体杀伤癌细胞,但这也可能将正常

细胞和免疫细胞一同杀灭,产生较强的副作用。近来,有科学家发现,黄金纳米粒子很容易被人体癌细胞吸收,如果将其包上一层化疗药物,就可作为“运输工具”,将化疗药物准确地投放到癌细胞中,他们由此断言,微小的黄金纳米粒子能提升癌症化疗的效果,并降低化疗的副作用。

以下哪项如果为真,最能支持上述科学家所作出的论断?

A. 现代医学手段已能实现黄金纳米粒子的精准投送,让其所携带的化疗药物只作用于癌细胞,并不伤及其他细胞。

B. 因为黄金所具有的特殊化学性质,黄金纳米粒子不会与人体细胞发生反应。 C. 利用常规计算机断层扫描,医生容易判定黄金纳米粒子是否已投放到癌细胞中。 D. 在体外用红外线加热已进入癌细胞的黄金纳米粒子,可从内部杀灭癌细胞。 E. 黄金纳米粒子用于癌症化疗的疗效有待大量临床检验。 40. 甲:己所不欲,勿施于人。 乙:我反对,己所欲,则施于人。

以下哪项于上述对话方式最为相似?

A. 甲:不入虎穴,焉得虎子? 乙:我反对,如得虎子,必入虎穴。 B. 甲:不在其位,不谋其政。 乙:我反对,在其位,则行其政。 C. 甲:人无远虑,必有近忧。 乙:我反对,人有远虑,亦有近忧。 D. 甲:人非草木,孰能无情? 乙:我反对,草木无情,但人有情。 E. 甲:人不犯我,我不犯人。 乙:我反对,人若犯我,我就犯人。

41. 颜子,曾寅,孟申,荀辰申请一个中国传统文化建设项目。根据规定,该项目的主持人只

能有一名,且在上述4位申请者中产生:包括主持人在内,项目组成员不能超过两位。另外,各位申请者在申请答辩时做出如下陈述:

(1)颜子:如果我成为主持人,将邀请曾寅或荀辰作为项目组成员; (2)曾寅:如果我成为主持人,将邀请颜子或孟申作为项目组成员; (3)荀辰:只有颜子成为项目组成员,我才能成为主持人; (4)孟申:只有荀辰或颜子成为项目组成员,我才能成为主持人。 假定4人陈述都为真,关于项目组成员的组合,以下哪项是不可能的? A. 孟申, 曾寅 B. 荀辰, 孟申 C. 曾寅, 荀辰 D. 颜子, 孟申 E. 颜子, 荀辰

42. 研究者调查了一组大学毕业即从事有规律的工作正好满8年的白领,发现他们的体重比刚

毕业时平均增加了8公斤,研究者由些得出结论,有规律的工作会增加人们的体重。 关于上述结论的正确性,需要询问的关键问题是以下哪项? A. 该组调查对象的体重在8年后是否会继续增加?

B. 改组调查对象中男性和女性的体重增加是否有较大差异?

C. 为什么调查关注的时间段是对象在毕业工作后八年而不是7年或者9年?

D. 和该组调查对象和其他情况相仿但没有从事有规律工作的人,在同样的8年中体重有样的变化?

E. 和该组调查对象其他情况相仿且经常进行体育锻炼的人,在同样的8年中体重有怎样的变化?

43. 赵默是一位优秀的企业家,因为如果一个人既拥有在国内外知名学府和研究机构工作的经

历,又有担当项目负责人的管理经验,那么他就能成为一位优秀的企业家。 以下哪项与上述论证最为相似?

A. 李然是信息技术领域的杰出人才,因为如果一个人不具有前瞻性目光,国际化视野和创新思维,就不能成为信息技术领域的杰出人才。

B. 风云企业具有凝聚力,因为如果一个企业能引导和帮助员工树立目标,提升能力,就能使企业具有凝聚力。

C. 人类资源是企业的核心资源,因为如果不开展各类文化活动,就不能提升员工岗位技能,也不能增强团队的凝聚力和战斗力。

D. 青年是企业发展的未来,因此,企业只有激活青年的青春力量,才能促其早日成才。 E. 袁清是一位好作家,因为好作家都具有较强的观察能力,想象能力及表达能力。 44. 爱书成痴注定会藏书,大多数藏书家也会读一些自己收藏的书;但有些藏书家却因喜爱书

的价值和精致装帧而购书收藏,至于阅读则放到了自己以后闲暇的时间,而一旦他们这样想,这些新购的书就很可能不被阅读了。但是,这些受到“冷遇”的书只要被友人借去一本,藏书家就会失魂落魄,整日心神不安。 根据上述信息,可以得出以下哪项? A. 有藏书家从不读自己收藏的书。 B. 有些藏书家会读遍自己收藏的书。 C. 有些藏书家喜欢闲暇时读自己的藏书。 D. 有些藏书家不会立即读自己新购的书。 E. 有些藏书家将自己的藏书当作友人。

45. 人们通常认为,幸福能够增进健康,有利于长寿,而不幸福则是健康状况不佳的直接原因,

但最近有研究人员对3000多人的生活状况调查后发现,幸福或不幸福并不意味着死亡的

风险会相应地变得更低或更高。他们由此指出,疾病可能会导致不幸福,但不幸福本身并不会对健康状况造成损害。

以下哪项如果为真,最能质疑上述研究人员的论证?

A. 幸福是个体的一种心理体验,要求被调查对象准确断定其幸福程度有一定的难度。 B. 人们的死亡风险低并不意味着健康状况好,死亡风险高也不意味着健康状况差。 C. 少数个体死亡风险的高低难以进行准确评估。

D. 有些高寿老人的人生经历较为坎坷,他们有时过得并不幸福。

E. 有些患有重大疾病的人乐观向上,积极与疾病抗争,他们的幸福感比较高。 46. 甲:只有加强知识产权保护,才能推动科技创新。

乙:我不同意。过分强化知识产权保护,肯定不能推动科技创新。 以下哪项与上述反驳方式最为类似?

A. 老板:只有给公司带来回报,公司才能给他带来回报。

员工:不对呀,我上月帮公司谈成一笔大业务,可是只得到1%的奖励。 B. 顾客:这件商品只有价格再便宜一些,才会有人来买。

商人:不可能。这件商品如果价格再便宜一些,我就要去喝西北风了。 C. 母亲:只有从小事做起,将来才有可能做成大事。

孩子:老妈你错了。如果我每天只是做小事,将来肯定做不成大事。 D. 妻子:孩子只有刻苦学习,才能取得好成绩。

丈夫:也不尽然。学习光知道刻苦而不能思考,也不一定会取得好成绩。 E. 老师:只有读书,才能改变命运。

学生:我觉得不是这样。不读书,命运会有更大的改变。

47. 某著名风景区有“妙笔生花”“猴子观海”“仙人晒靴”“美人梳妆”“阳关三叠”“禅

心向天”等六个景点,为方便游人,景区提示如下: (1)只有先游“猴子观海”,才能游“妙笔生花”; (2)只有先游“阳关三叠”,才能游“仙人晒靴”; (3)如果游“美人梳妆”,就要先游“妙笔生花”;

(4)“禅心向天”应第4个游览,之后才可游览“仙人晒靴”。 张先生按照上述提示,顺利游览了上述6个景点。

根据上述信息,关于张先生的游览顺序,以下哪项不可能为真? A. 第一个游览“猴子观海”。

B. 第二个游览“阳关三叠”。 C. 第三个游览“美人梳妆”。 D. 第五个游览“妙笔生花”。 E. 第六个游览“仙人晒靴”。

48. “自我陶醉人格”是以过分重视自己为主要特点的人格障碍。它有多种具体特征:过高估

计自己的重要性,夸大自己的成就,对批评反应强烈,希望他人注意自己和羡慕自己;经常沉溺于幻想中,把自己看成是特殊的人,人际关系不稳定,嫉妒他人,损人利己。 以下各种自我陈述中,除了哪项均能体现上述“自我陶醉人格”的特征? A. 我是这个团队的灵魂,一旦我离开了这个团队,他们将一事无成。 B. 他有什么资格批评我?大家看看,他的能力连我的一半都不到。

C. 我的家庭条件不好,但不愿意被别人看不起,所以我借钱买了一部智能手机。 D. 这么重要的活动竟然没有邀请我参加,组织者的人品肯定有问题,不值得跟这样的人交往。

E. 我刚接手别人很多年没有做成的事情,我跟他们完全不在一个层次,相信很快就会将事情搞定。

49. 通常情况下,长期在寒冷环境中生活的居民可以有更强的抗寒能力。相比于我国的南方地

区,我国北方地区冬天的平均气温要低很多。然而有趣的是,现在许多北方的居民并不具有我们所以为的抗寒能力,相当多的北方人到南方来过冬,竟然难以忍受南方的寒冷天气,怕冷程度甚至远超过当地人。

以下哪项如果为真,最能解释上述现象?

A. 一些北方人认为南方温暖,他们去南方过冬时往往保暖工作做得不够充分。 B. 南方地区冬天虽然平均气温比北方高,但也存在极端低温的天气。 C. 北方地区在冬天通常启动供暖设备,其室内温度往往比南方高出很多。 D. 有些北方人是从南方迁过去的,他们还没有完全适应北方的气候。 E. 南方地区湿度较大,冬天感受到的寒冷程度超出气象意义上的温度指标。

50. 译制片配音,作为-种特有的艺术形式,曾在我国广受欢迎,然而时过境迁,现在许多人

已不喜欢看配过音的外国影视剧,他们觉得还是听原汁原味的声音才感觉到位,有专家由此断言,配音已失去观众,必将退出历史舞台。

以下各项如果为真,则除哪项外都能支持上述专家的观点?

A. 很多上了年纪的国人仍习惯看配过音的外国影视剧,而在国内放映的外国大片有的仍然是配过音的。

B. 配音是一种艺术再创作,倾注了配音艺术家的心血,但有的人对此并不领情,反而觉得配音妨碍了他们对原剧的欣赏。

C. 许多中国人通晓外文,观赏外国原版影视剧并不存在语言困难;即使不懂外文,边看中文字幕边听原声也不影响理解剧情。

D. 随者对外交流的加强,现在外国影视剧大量涌入国内,有的国人已经等不及慢条斯理、精工细作的配音了。

E. 现在有的外国影视剧配音难以模仿剧中演员的出色嗓音,有时也与剧情不符,对此观众并不接受。

51. 51〜52题基于以下题干:六一节快到了,幼儿园老师为班上的小明、小雷、小刚、小芳、

小花等5位小朋友准备了了红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等7份礼物。已知所有礼物都送了出去,每份礼物只能由一人获得,每人最多获得两份礼物。另外,礼物派送还需满足如下要求:

(1)如果小明收到橙色礼物,则小芳会收到蓝色礼物; (2)如果小雷没有收到红色礼物,则小芳不会收到蓝色礼物; (3)如果小刚没有收到黄色礼物,则小花不会收到紫色礼物; (4)没有人既能收到黄色礼物,又能收到绿色礼物; (5)小明只收到橙色礼物,而小花只收到紫色礼物。 根据上述信息,以下哪项可能为真? A. 小明和小芳都收到两份礼物。 B. 小雷和小刚都收到两份礼物。 C. 小刚和小花都收到两份礼物。 D. 小芳和小花都收到两份礼物。 E. 小明和小雷都收到两份礼物。

52. 根据上述信息,如果小刚收到两份礼物,则可以得出以下哪项?

A. 小雷收到红色和绿色两份礼物。 B. 小刚收到黄色和蓝色两份礼物。 C. 小芳收到绿色和蓝色两份礼物。 D. 小刚收到黄色和靑色两份礼物。

E. 小芳收到青色和蓝色两份礼物。 53. 某民乐小组购买几种乐器,购买要求如下:

(1)二胡、箫至多购买—种; (2)笛子、二胡和古筝至少购买一种; (3)箫、古筝、唢呐至少购买两种; (4)如果购买箫,则不购买笛子。

根据上述要求,可以得出以下哪项? A. 至多可以买三种乐器。 B. 箫、笛子至少购买一种。 C. 至少要购买三种乐器。 D. 古筝、二胡至少购买一种。 E. —定要购买唢呐。

54. 54~55题基于以下题干:某影城将在“十一”黄金周7天(周一至周日)放映部电影,其中,

有5部科幻片、3部警匪片、3部武侠片、2部战争片及1部爱情片,限于条件,影城每天放映两部电影。已知:

(1)除两部科幻片安排在周四外,其余6天每天放映的两部电影都属于不同类别; (2)爱情片安排在周日;

(3)科幻片与武侠片没有安排在同一天; (4)警匪片和战争片没有安排在同一天。

根据上述信息,以下哪项中的两部电影不可能安排在同一天放映? A. 警匪片和爱情片。 B. 科幻片和警匪片。 C. 武侠片和战争片。 D. 武侠片和警匪片。 E. 科幻片和战争片。

55. 根据上述信息,如果同类影片放映日期连续,则周六可能放映的电影是以下哪项?

A. 科幻片和警匪片。 B. 武侠片和警匪片。 C. 科幻片和战争片。 D. 科幻片和武侠片。

E. 警匪片和战争片

四.写作:第56~57小题共65分。其中论证有效性分析30分,论说文35分。请在答题纸

上完成。

56、论证有效性分析:分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞,选择若干要点,写一篇600字

左右的文章,对论证的有效性进行分析和评论。

(论证有效性分析的一般要点是:概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致,有无各种明显的逻辑错误,论证的论据是否成立并支持结论,结论成立的条件是否充分等等) 如果我们把古代荀子、商鞅、韩飞等人的主张归纳起来,可以得出如下一套理论:

人的本性是“好荣恶辱,好利恶害”的,所以人们都会追求奖赏,逃避刑罚。因此拥有足够权力的国君只要利用赏罚就可以把臣民治理好了。

既然人的本性是好利恶害,那么在选拔官员时,既没有可能也没有必要去寻求那些不求私利的廉洁之士,因为世界上根本不存在这样的人。廉政建设的关键其实只在于作用官员之后有效地防止他们以权谋私。

怎样防止官员以权谋私呢?国君通常依靠设置监察官的方法,这种方法其实是不合理的。因为监察官也是人,也是好利恶害的,所以依靠监察官去制止其他官吏以权谋私就是让一部分以权谋私者去制止另一部分人以权谋私。结果只能使他们共谋私利。

既然依靠设置监察官的方法不合理,那么依靠什么呢?可以利用赏罚的方法来促使臣民去监督。谁揭发官员的以权谋私,就奖赏谁,谁不揭发官员的以权谋私就惩罚谁,臣民出于好利恶害的本性就会揭发官员的以权谋私。

57、论说文:根据下述材料,写一篇700字左右的论说文,题目自拟。

企业家遇到问题究竟是把有限资金用于扩大生产还是用于研发新产品。有人主张,投资扩大生产、市场调查,原产品可畅销3-5年,有利润;有人主张投资研发新产品,有风险,风险数倍前者的利润。

2017年考研英语(二)真题 Section I Use of English

Directions:

Reading the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on Answer Sheet. (10 points)

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work and today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.

These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting

[B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring

2. [A] inequality 3. [A] policy

[B] instability [B]guideline [B]divided [B] meaning [B] Indeed [B] urban

[C] unreliability [C] resolution [C] balanced [C] glory [C] Thus

[D] uncertainty [D] prediction [D]measured [D] freedom [D] Nevertheless [D] educated [D] substitute [D] among [D] set aside [D] economically [D] principles [D] course [D] yield [D] hardship [D] scarce [D] threats [D] starved [D] into [D] interpersonal

4. [A] characterized 5. [A] wisdom 6. [A] Instead 7. [A] rich

[C]working

8. [A] explanation 9. [A] under

[B] requirement [B] beyond [B] make up

[C] compensation [C] alongside

10. [A] leave behind 11. [A] statistically 12. [A] chances 13. [A] absence 14. [A] disturb 15. [A] model 16. [A] tricky

[C] worry about [C] necessarily [C] benefits [C] face

[B] occasionally [B] downsides [B] height [B] restore [B] practice [B] lengthy [B] standards [B] tired

[C] exclude [C] virtue

[C] mysterious [C] qualities [C] confused [C] behind

17. [A] demands 18. [A] ignored 19. [A] off

[B] against

20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Every Saturday morning, at 9 a.m., more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5k.m. around their

local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.

Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympic would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.

Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.

Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse. 21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has ________.

[A] gained great popularity

[B] created many jobs [D] become an official festival

[C] strengthened community ties

22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to________.

[A] boost population growth [C] improve the city’s image

[B] promote sport participation [D] increase sport hours in schools

23. Parkrun is different from Olympic Games in that it________.

[A] aims at discovering talents [C] does not emphasize elitism

[B] focuses on mass competition [D] does not attract first-timers

24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that government should________.

[A] organize “grassroots” sports events [C] increase funds for sports clubs

[B] supervise local sports associations [D] invest in public sports facilities

25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is________.

[A] tolerant [C] uncertain

[B] critical [D] sympathetic

Text 2

With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”

Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank and not giving them any visual social feedback. The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and

sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.

On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.

26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______。

[A] simplify routine matters

[B] absorb user attention [D] increase work efficiency

[C] better interpersonal relations

27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______。

[A] takes away babies’ appetite

[B] distracts children’s attention [D] reduces mother-child communication

[C] slows down babies’ verbal development

28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______。

[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions [B] verbal s are unnecessary for emotional exchange [C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood [D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs

29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______。

[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies [B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year [C] ensure constant interaction with their children [D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens

30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______。

[A] give their parents some free time [C] help them with their homework

[B] make their parents more creative [D] help them become more attentive

Text 3

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.

But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.

If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that________.

[A] they think it academically misleading [B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college [C] it feels strange to do differently from others [D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses

32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps ________.

[A] keep students from being unrealistic [C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens

[B] lower risks in choosing careers [D] relieve freshmen of pressures

33. The word “acclimation” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ________.

[A] adaptation [C] motivation

[B] application [D] competition

34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them ________.

[A] avoid academic failures [C] switch to another college

[B] establish long-term goals [D] decide on the right major

35. The most suitable title for this text would be________.

[A] In Favor of the Gap Year [C] The Gap Year Comes Back

[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year [D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma

Text 4

Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.

Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes

that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?

“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”

Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.

For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.

“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”

At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.

“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”

36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they ______.

[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts [B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget [C] severely damaged the ecology of western states [D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure 37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to ______

[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas [B] avoid the redirection of federal money [C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape [D] guarantee safer spending of public funds

38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that ______

[A] public debates have not settled yet [B] fire-fighting conditions are improving [C] other factors should not be overlooked [D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place

39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to ______.

[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature [B] explore the mechanism of the human systems [C] maximize the role of landscape in human life [D] understand the interrelations of man and nature

40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should ______.

[A] do away with [C] pay a price for

[B] come to terms with [D] keep away from

Part B Directions:

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.

Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.

But there is also a different way to look at the data.

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having

too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.

For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming into the workforce, but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.

At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.

At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.” he says.

But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.

These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.

“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”

Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into

manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.

41. Jay Deuwell [A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools. [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill. 42. Jason Stenquist [C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore. 43. Birgit Klohs 44. Rob Spohr 45. Julie Parks [D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers. [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition. [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing. [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents. Section III Translation

46.

Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is one of my favorite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream -- I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”

Section IV Writing

Part A

47.

Directions:

Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to 1) accept the invitation, and

2) introduce the key points of your presentation.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points)

Part B

48.

Directions:

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

2017管理类专业联考综合能力试题解析

数学部分

1、【B】

考点:增长率问题

解析:设原始售价为单位“1”,则两次连续降价后的售价为110.10.81 故,连续降价两次后的价格是降价前的81% 2、【E】

考点:等差数列、简单方程应用

解析:设甲、乙、丙的载重量分别为a,b,c吨

22bac..............1a30则2ab95...........2,解得b35

c40a3c150..........3故abc105 3、【D】

考点:比例、集合应用 解析:根据“

部分量9总量”,得到下午的咨询学员有90名

部分量的占比10%其中下午90名中有9名上午已经咨询过,所以下午新的咨询学员90-9=81名 故,一天中总的咨询学员45+81=126名 4、【D】

考点:平面几何

解析:根据题干意思可知机器人搜索过的区域图形如下

S1021220

1米 10米 5、【B】

考点:绝对值不等式

解析:(特值法)

根据选项特征,取x0时,不等式左边01012成立,排除C、D、E

333时,不等式左边122成立,排除A

222取x3故,不等式的解集,

26、【D】

考点:整除、平均数

解析:1到100之间能被9整除的整数有:9,18,27…,99共11个数 故平均数X7、【B】

考点:独立概型

解析:根据题干意思可得,能排除2个错误选项的题,每题做正确的概率

1确概率

211能排除1个错误选项的题,每题做正确的概率,4个题都正确的概率

33491827119954

1,5个题都正251111故,甲能得满分的概率为54

2323548、【A】

考点:实数、简单方程

解析:设购买甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为a,b 则1750a950b10000,化简有35a19b200 带选项验证,可得a3,b5 9、【A】

考点:平面几何

解析:由题干可知OCAC22 2S阴S扇AOBS1AOC212121422 8410、【C】

考点:集合应用

解析:三个集合的关系表达如图,则三门课程都没有复习的学生人数502030610239人 11、【E】

考点:古典概型 解析:具体事件分两类

第一类:ab,有2,1;3,1;3,2,共三种 第二类:a1b,有1,3;1,4;2,4,共三种 总事件数:3412种 故甲获胜的概率 331212 12、【E】

考点:三角形面积公式

解析:有已知AA'sinAsinA'

SABC12ABACsinA.........1 S1A'B'C'2A'B'AC''sinA'........2 从而

1SABC2SABAC2'A'B'C'AB'AC''23349 13、【B】

考点:排列组合分组问题

解析:根据分组原理列式

C2226C4C23!15

数学 语文

0人 英语

14、【B】

考点:方差公式 解析:一列数的方差S2 甲 乙 丙 故132 15、【C】

考点:立体几何、公约数

解析:被切割成的正方体的棱长一定是长方体三边长的公约数,则正方体棱长12,9,63 有129633n(n表示切割成的正方体的个数),解得n24 16、【D】

考点:比例应用

1112解析:条件(1)前两个小时共完成总量的比值1

5545122x1xx2xn2xnx

第一轮 2 5 8 第二轮 5 2 4 第三轮 8 5 9 平均数 5 4 7 方差 6 2 14 3则总的文件数10225。充分 5111条件(2)第二个小时处理的文件占总量的比值1

5451则总的文件数525。充分

517、【C】

考点:行程应用

解析:条件(1)、(2)单独不充分,考虑联合,则乘动车和乘汽车的时间都为3小时 AB之间的距离长度2201003960千米。充分

18、【B】

考点:解析几何

yaxb22xaxb0a4b0 解析:化简题干有两个不相等的实数根,则2yx条件(1)a1,b1满足a24b,但是不能推出a24b0。不充分 条件(2)b04b04ba20。充分 19、【C】

考点:增长率应用

解析:条件(1)、(2)单独不充分,考虑联合

设月平均增长率为p,每月产值是共比为1p的等比数列

12一月份产值11p”,一个方程求解一个未知数,则p可求。充则“全年总产值11p分 20、【A】

考点:解析几何圆的位置

aba2b24c解析:化简题干得到xy,因该圆与x轴相切,则

224ba2b24ca24c 2422也就是要确定c的值,只需要知道a的值。 故条件(1)充分,条件(2)不充分 21、【B】

考点:立体几何

解析:题干图形的纵截面图形如图所示,要确定铁球的体积 只需知道铁球的半径即可

条件(1)仅仅已知铁球露出水面的高度,显然条件的有效性不够,不充分

条件(2)已知铁球与水面交线的周长,可以知道铁球与水面所成圆的半径r,已知水深,

r h-R R

可以知道球心到水面的距离h-R,故,根据如果所画出的直角三角形,利用勾股定理可以求得球的半径R,从而确定铁球的体积。充分 22、【C】

考点:伯努利概型

解析:条件(1)、(2)单独不充分,考虑联合

32条件(1)A类题中,每题答对的概率,每题答错的概率

55条件(2)B类题中,每题答对的概率

241,每题打错的概率 5533233则,A类合格的概率C32C30.648

5554B类合格的概率0.64

52故联合后可得此人参加A类合格的概率大 23、【A】

考点:二次函数

4b2a解析:化简题干,函数的最小值0ba2

4条件(1)2ab1,且ab1,则ba22a1a2a10ba2。充分 条件(2)a2b和题干矛盾。不充分 24、【A】

考点:绝对值不等式

解析:条件(1)可得a,b,c三数都在5,5之间变动。以-5、0、5三点把5,5划分成两段,则a,b,c三数中,至少有两个数会分布在同一段5,0或者0,5,所以对于

22ab,bc,ac三个数来说,最小值的范围会在0,5之间,故满足

minab,bc,ac5,充分

条件(2)取特值,当a100,b100,c15, minab,bc,ac85,与题干矛盾。不充分 25、【C】

考点:约数、简单方程

解析:条件(1)设供题老师有n人,每位老师提供的相同试题数a 则na52(n,zN)152226413无法确定具体人数。不充分

条件(2)每位老师提供题型不超过2种,现共有5种题型,则至少有3位供题老师,无

法确定具体人数。不充分

联合条件(1)(2)因3n12,故只能是na52413,可确定共4位供题老师。充分

逻辑部分

26、【D】

解析:(1)涉及核心技术→不能受制于人。 (2)许多网络安全建设项目→涉及核心技术。 (3)全盘引进而不自主创新→网络安全受到严重威胁。

结合(1)(2)许多网络安全建设项目→涉及核心技术→不能受制于人,故选D。 27、【E】

解析:结果→有原因→可被认识→必然不是毫无规律。E选项和题干“任何结果必然不是毫无规律”矛盾,一定假。 28、【B】

解析:证据:海外代购让政府损失税收。结论:政府应该严厉打击海外代购行为。 B选项表明,代购逃税现象很严重,增加新证据,有力的支持了结论。A、C是无关项;D、E提出反面证据,说海外产品的好,存在“应该引进海外产品”从而削弱题干的可能性。 29、【E】

解析:如果丁和戊饰演购物者,则根据(4)可得没有路人,根据条件(2)必然有外国游客,商贩。同时,如果丁和戊饰演购物者,结合(3)可知,乙、丁不能饰演商贩,商贩只能给甲、丙去演,从而乙只能去演外国游客。 30、【B】

解析:(1)区教育局:根据儿童户籍所在施教区,孩子应到2公里以外的学校就学。 (2)家长诉求:根据市教育局的“就近入学”原则,孩子可以在300离家米处的学校就读。(3)法院判决:驳回家长的申请。

B选项指出区教育局的行为是合法的,从而驳斥了家长的申请,支持了法院的判决。 A选项表明:地理距离不是划分施教区的唯一根据,就近入学不等于最近入学,能削弱家长的意见,从而支持法院。但不是唯一依据,也可以是依据之一,A选项还是在某种程度上承认了家长可以以地理距离做为根据来提出最近就读的申请。A力度弱于B。 31、【C】

解析:条件(4)在条件(2)基础上,根据后假推前假可得:股票投资比例≥1/3。故C为正确答案。 32、【E】

解析:专家结论:人文教育对个人未来生活的影响比通识教育更大。

E选项直接指出,人文教育对生活更重要,支持了专家的断言。D存在一定的干扰,但是D没有做比较,仅仅指出了人文教育的重要性,而没有指出人文教育比通识教育更重要。 33、【C】

解析:根据(1)可知,最后一个调研江西省。结合(2)(3)可列表如下

1 安徽 2 3 4 5 6 7 江西

江苏 浙江 福建 显然C为正确答案。 34、【C】

解析:安徽在2,根据条件(2),浙江在安徽之后且与安徽隔两个省,可知浙江在5。 35、【B】

解析:王研究员:创业者最重要的是坚持精神,无论有什么困难都坚持下去。 李教授:创业者最重要的是敢于尝试新技术,这为创业者带来成功的契机 显然选B。A、C、D都有提到坚持和新技术的比对,但是内容上没有B贴切。 36、【E】

解析:证据:雾霾袭击我国部分地区,持续接触高浓度污染物会导致10%到15%的人患有干眼症。结论:不改善空气质量→这些疾病的发病率和相关并发症会持续增加。 E提出新论据,证明如果不及时改善空气质量,会对人产生危害。

37、【D】

解析:(1)每个年级人数相等。 (2)所有一年级学生:诗名及作者。 (3)2/3的二年级学生:作者。

(4)2/3的三年级学生:诗名。(1/3不能等于2/3能)

根据(1)(2)(4)容易看出来一三年级中至少2/3以上的学生可以把名句和诗名对应起来。可以取特值算。 38、【C】

解析:题干:婴儿通过触碰、玩耍和观察等方式来学习,婴儿是地球上最有效率的学习者,应该设计出和婴儿一样不费力气就能学习的机器人。

C是题干天然的预设。A选项都不能,假设过宽了,A把成年人去掉以后,也可以作为题干的预设。 39、【A】

解析:证据:①普通化疗对人体也有副作用。②黄金纳米粒容易被癌细胞吸收,可以作为“运输工具”,投放化疗药物。结论:黄金纳米粒可以提高化疗效果,降低化疗副作用。 A选项指出来,该医疗措施可实现且无副作用,有力支持了题干。 40、【E】

解析:甲:A→B。 乙:我反对,非A→非B。

E选项和题干结构一致。B是干扰,B中乙说的是“行其政”。 41、【C】

解析:可将选项带入题干,触发矛盾者必假,即为正确选项。C选项,如果曾主持,那么成员不可能有荀;如果旬主持,那么成员没有曾。无论谁主持,另一个都不会是成员。他俩没法在一起。故选C。 42、【D】

解析:论据:白领比刚毕业的时候平均肿了8公斤。论点:有规律的工作会使人增加体重。 D选项,求异法思路,设置对照组,其他情况相仿但没有规律工作的人,体重也增加,则削弱题干;体重不增加,则支持题干。 43、【B】

解析:题干推理结构是:如果S,那么P,因此P。B选项和题干结构一致。 44、【D】

解析:(1)大多数藏书家→读一些自己的藏书。

(2)有的藏书家→因喜爱书而购书收藏,把阅读放到闲暇时间→新书很可能不阅读。 显然根据(2)可知D选项为真。A选项的“从不读”,B选项“读遍”,C选项“喜欢闲暇的时候读书”,都过度推理。 45、【B】

解析:证据:幸不幸福不意味着死亡风险。 结论:不幸福不意味着健康状况有害。 题干论证背后的假设是“死亡风险和健康状况有关”,B选项否定了该假设,断了题干的桥,最有力地削弱了题干。 46、【C】

解析:甲:只有A,才能B乙:过分A→非B;显然C选项和题干推理结构一致。 47、【D】

解析:

1 2 3 4 禅心向天 5 6 根据条件(1)(3),有先后顺序:猴子观海,妙笔生花,美人梳妆。 根据条件(2)有先后顺序:阳关三叠,仙人晒靴。 根据条件(4)有:禅心向天(4),仙人晒靴。

根据(4)可知,5和6种必然有一个是仙人晒靴。若D为真,则第6个位置美人梳妆和仙人晒靴就产生位置冲突了。所以D必假。 48、【C】

解析:自我陶醉:①过高估计自己重要性;②夸大自己成就;③对批评反应强烈;③希望他人注意和羡慕自己;④沉迷于幻想,把自己看成特殊的人;⑤人机关系不稳定,嫉妒他人,损人利己。只有C选项和上述特征都无关。C更像是自卑和虚荣心。 49、【C】

解析:题干矛盾:长期在寒冷环境中可以有更强的抗寒能力,北方地区温度低于南方地区,然而北方人抗寒能力却不如南方人,受不了南方的冬天。C选项指出,虽然北方冬天的自然温度比南方更低,但是由于南北冬天取暖方式不同,北方的生活温度、感受温度比南方高很多,所以北方人实际生活温度更高,不如南方人耐冻,来南方过冬受不了冷。E是干扰项,E只能说明南方冬天也很冷,比温度显示出来的更冷,但没有南北比较,无助于说明为什么北方人没有南方人耐冻,北方人来南方受不了冻。

50、【A】

解析:题干结论:配音已失去观众,必将推出历史舞台。A选项,指出配音仍然存在一定的市场,削弱了题干,无法支持。 51、【B】

解析:根据条件(5)排除选项,显然,仅仅B可能为真。 52、【D】

解析:根据(1)(2)(5)可知:小明收到橙色礼物,小芳收到蓝色礼物,小雷收到红色礼物。根据(3)(5)可知:小花收到紫色礼物,小刚收到黄色礼物。结合(4)可知小刚不能收绿色礼物,只剩青色给小刚了。

人 小明 小芳 蓝色 小雷 红色 小刚 小花 颜色 只收橙色 53、【D】

黄色 只收紫色 解析:(1)非二胡∨非箫。 (2)笛子∨二胡∨古筝。

(3)箫、古筝、唢呐:至少购买两种。 (4)箫→非笛子。

根据(1)(4)可知,箫→非二胡∧非笛子,结合(2)进一步推出:买古筝。 根据(3)可知,非箫→古筝∧唢呐。

无论箫还是非箫,都推出古筝,根据二难推理,必然买古筝。“古筝”为真,所以“古筝或二胡”为真。选D。 54、【A】

解析: 时间 影片 周一 周二 周三 周四 科幻 科幻 周五 周六 周日 爱情 周四和周日用了2个科幻,一个爱情,还剩下3个科幻,3个武侠,3个警匪,2个战争。根据(1)(3),每天的类型不同,且科幻和武侠不能在一天,可知,3个科幻要分别占用周一、二、三、五、六、日这六天里的三天,3个武侠占据另外3天。故选A,警匪片不可能和爱情一起放在周日,如果警匪片放在周日,会导致3个科幻和3个武侠无法不重叠的按照要求平铺下去。

55、【C】

解析:根据条件(3)(4)可排除D、E;如果A成立,科幻、警匪一起在周六,为了连续性,周五、周日只能安排警匪,科幻就会安排到周三去,从而必然和武侠冲突,A排除;如果B成立,武侠、警匪一起放在周六,就无法同时保证武侠警匪的连续性了,排除B。故选C。

写作部分

56. 论证有效性分析

【分析要点】

1、人的本性是“好荣恶辱,好利恶害”的,所以人们都会追求奖赏,逃避惩罚。关键词:所以。解析:一方面关于人的本性的观点是否是好荣恶辱,各大家的观点众多,荀子有荀子的主张,孔子有孔子的观点,部分人的观点不能说明所有人都会追求奖赏,逃避惩罚;另一方面,本性和行为之间没有必然的因果关系,影响人行为的因素很多。 2、因此拥有足够权力的国君,只要利用赏罚,就可以把臣民治理好了。关键词:只要……就。解析:忽略他因,治理臣民除了利用奖赏这一手段外,还有其他方法。另外如果只是利用赏罚这一手段但是在实际操作中却监管不到位,那臣民的治理也无法保证。

3、既然人的本性是好利恶害的,那么在选拔官时,既没有可能也没有必要去寻求那些不求私利的廉洁之士。关键词:既然……那么。解析:人的本性好利恶害和去寻找廉洁之士没有必然联系。

4、廉政建设的关键,其实只在于任用官员之后有效地防止他们以权谋私。关键词:其实只在于。解析:廉政建设的关键不只在于任用官员之后,在官员的选拔,监督,管制方面,都是廉政建设的关键。

5、因为监察官也是人,也是好利恶害。所以依靠监察官去制止其他官员以权谋私就是让一部分以权谋私者去制止另一部分人以权谋私。结果只能使他们共谋私利。关键词:所以,结果。解析:\"好利恶害\"不等同于“以权谋私”,前者是本性,后者是行为。更不能得出其“共谋私利”。

6、依靠设置监察官的方法不合理,那么依靠什么呢?可以利用赏罚的方法促使臣民去监督。关键词:那么。解析:即使依靠设置监察官的方法不合理,也不一定可以利用赏罚的方法促使

臣民去监督。

7、谁揭发官员的以权谋私就奖励谁……这样,以权谋私的罪恶行为就无法藏身。关键词:这样。解析:光靠揭发官员的以权谋私来治理以权谋私是不够的。如果监管和惩罚力度不够,官员还是会继续以权谋私。再者,揭发者的目的也无法考证,是否存有私心也无从得知。 8、其余错误,言之成理,均可得分。

57.论说文

【审题立意】 (一)目光当长远

A 眼前之利应舍。如果只着眼于眼前利益,三五年后,产品由“明星变成“瘦狗”,企业必将退出市场

B 长远之利应谋。企业不能仅将目光聚于“小利”上,发展能让企业基业长青,长远看来才能使企业有滚滚之利。

C 目光长远,唯求“变”求“新” (二)创新

A 万事惟变。企业利用变化抓住机遇,勇于创新,才能化解风险,获得更大的利润;而固步自封,唯有死路一条,终将无利可得。

B 涉浅水者得鱼虾,涉深水者得蛟龙。诚然,创新有风险,但企业依旧要迎难而上,才能占领行业制高点。

C 创新,企业应生无所息。这不是“苦役”,是意义,创新不仅让企业永葆青春,更能促进社会发展。这是企业应有的责任和担当,超越了“利益”之争。 (三)风险,不“险”

A 风险,是企业经营过程的必然。

B 风险,绝非企业经营结果的必然。企业可以稳中求变,化解风险;企业可在创新研发中,紧密观察市场,明晰发展思路。

C 风险中隐藏机遇,抓住机遇,风险不“险”。企业才会有丰厚利润,才能长远发展。 (四)权衡利弊

A 权“小利”与“大利”,应择大利。 B 衡“眼前”与“长远”,应选长远。

2017年考研英语(二)真题详解

Section I Use of English

1. 【C】warning 警告

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:现在,人们 ___ 科技正在替代人力。选项warning 代入语义通顺。 2. 【A】inequality 不平衡,不平等

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:其后解释了富人赢得了大部分,但是普通人徘徊在贫困线上。这是一种不平衡的体现。

3. 【D】prediction 预测

考点:语法+语义

解析:宾语从句中有the future will…,所以空格中选prediction 4. 【A】characterized 有…的特征,由…标志着

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:未来是一座荒原,它的特点就是没有目的性。 5. 【B】meaning 意义

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:没有工作赋予他们生活的意义,人们会变得懒惰和抑郁。 6. 【B】indeed 确实如此

考点:上下文逻辑关系

解析:indeed 确实如此。表示一种强调,失业的人过得并不好。 7. 【C】working 工作

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:前后对比,Americans who have been unemployment 与 working Americans对应。 8. 【A】explanation 解释

考点:句内语义理解

解析:本句话表达的是各种问题的解释是高薪工作的短缺。 9. 【D】among在。。。中间

考点:介词辨析

解析:在受教育程度低的中年人中,这些问题发生的概率更大。 10. 【C】worry about 担心

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:上文提到其他的研究表明人们在工作的时候比在休息的时候更快乐。这就是为什么很多人会担心将来没有工作会无聊。 11. 【C】necessarily 必须

考点:上下文逻辑关系+句内语义理解

解析:but表转折,doesn't necessarily表示不一定,此处复合语境。 12. 【B】downside

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:选择消极词汇,直接选downside 13. 【A】absence

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:in the absence of 在没有。。。的状态下,上文在谈没有工作的世界,此处再次出现。 14. 【D】yield 产生

考点:句内语义理解

解析:句子主语是society,宾语是different countries。yield表示“产生”。 15. 【C】virtue 美德

考点:上下文语义理解

解析: overblown.一词为解题线索。含义:吹散、吹倒,表贬义。后面的内容Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,”是对这句话的进一步解释,结合前后的上下文语义理解,应选择virtue,其他选项均排除。 16. 【D】scarce 缺乏的

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:大多上班族缺乏休闲时间。 17. 【A】demands 需要

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:人们会用她们的空闲时间平衡他们工作智力和情感上的需要。 18. 【B】tired 累

考点:上下文语义理解,常识

解析:工作一天后,人们经常通常会觉得很累。 19. 【D】into

考点:固定搭配+句内语义理解 解析:throw oneself into 把自己投身于 20. 【B】professional 职业的,专业的

考点:上下文语义理解

解析:此处空格处答案和前面的intensity 形成呼应与关联。故此处professional符合语义需要。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

21. [A] gained great popularity

细节题。根据题干has定位到第一段has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. 同义转述,秒杀答案。且第一段讲了每周六大约有五万多人都会在他们当地的公园里跑步,跑步的年龄跨度之大:从4岁的小朋友到祖父母年纪的人都有;跑步所用的时间跨度也很大:从世界纪录的13分48秒到一个小时。由此可见,这是一个全民运动,与A选项的 great popularity相互对应,所以选A.。其他选项,B创造了很多就业机会;C增强了社会的凝聚力;D成为一个官方的节日;这几个选项原文中都没有涉及,所以排除。 22. [B] promote sport participation

细节题。根据题干legacy模糊定位第二段,根据 fail to 定位It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. 注意逻辑词汇,did 确实,but 但是,worse 更糟糕的是。答案B是反向转述。 23. [C] does not emphasize elitism

原因题。根据题干 different from 定位到第三段The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. 反过来说就是Parkrun 的目

的不是产生更多精英运动员。C答案就是原文的反向转述。同时,文中的第三段第一句话:Parkrun is not a race but a time trial.从这句话可以排除A和B,因为A和B都和竞争有关,D选项可以从:there is much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is ...得知,Parkrun有很多第一次参加的人,所以排除D。 24. [D] invest in public sports facilities

细节题。根据题干the government should定位在it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. 从这里可以知道,作者希望政府能够为Parkrun提供场所和钱,并针对学校制定相关条例以鼓励全民运动。由此可以排除A,B,C. 最终选择D。 25. [B] critical

态度题。根据最后一段的消极词汇,尤其最后一句Or at least not make them worse.确定作者态度是批判的。 26. [B] absorb user attention

细节题。根据题干定位Tech is designed to really suck on you in, and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. suck you in 和 promote maximal engagement就是答案absorb attention 的同义转述。

27. [D] reduces mother-child communication

细节题。根据题干定位She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. 从这里可以知道,母亲使用手机会减少20%的语言交流机会,39%的非语言交流。其中fewer and fewer interactions with their children 就是答案reduce communication. 28. [D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs

例证题。根据题干找Radesky的观点“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal s of an emotional need” 其中parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal s of an emotional need 就是答案D的简单同义转述。ACD与原文表达语意正好相反。

29. [C] ensure constant interaction with their children

细节题。根据题干定位 “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be

interacting” with their children。答案C是简单同义转述 30. [A] give their parents some free time

细节题。根据题干kid’s use of screens定位到a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. 答案A give parents free time 就是同义转述答案。干扰项B的creative并未提及;选项C的homework根据原文的housework进行干扰,原文是父母有时间做家务,而选项是帮助孩子做作业;选项D的attentive并未提及。 31. [C] it feels strange to do differently from others

原因题。根据题目中的high-school和gap year和定位到第一段第一句话。这句话后面一句的after all可以知道后面应该是解释理由了。After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? 如果你认识的人都在秋天去上大学了,推迟一年不是很傻吗?C答案就是同义转述。 32. [D] relieve freshmen of pressures

推断题。根据题干定位到第三段,Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than … , a gap year pushes them ahead by…—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow…. 答案D 就是以上内容的合理概括。用排除法A unrealistic未提及;B choose career 未提及;C financial 不属于本段内容。综合选D 33. [A] adaptation

词汇推断题。这题根据题干中给的信息,到第三段最后一句中去找答案。推断出acclimation与是adjust to 是同义,所以选adaptation。 34. [D] decide on the right major

细节题。根据题干save money 定位在第四段,major是基本核心。A在本段未提及;B未提及;C语义理解有误。D是合理概括。 35. [A] In Favor of the Gap Year

主旨题。第一段引出现象,后文均在说明好处。

36. [B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget

细节题。根据题干in 2015,定位在para2. the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent

on such efforts 20 years ago. 答案B是同义转述。

37. [D] guarantee safer spending of public funds

推断题。根据题干的关键词a magnifying glass和大写字母Moritz定位到第四段。本段首句提及a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective,最后一句Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?” 就是目的,即to redirect those funds。正确答案D的guarantee safer spending是对这两句的完全概括,讨论公共基金更好的花费问题。干扰项A提到fund,但未说raise more,添加无关内容;选项B与原文刚好相反,不是avoid避免;选项C是对原文lower-hazard parts of the landscape的偷换概念。

38. [C] other factors should not be overlooked

细节题。根据题干定位到第七段While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation。the rest of the equation 和 other factors 对应,at the expense of 与overlook 对应。干扰项A的public debates来自第6段的the focus但未提及settle的话题,也非本题定位句;干扰项B的conditions是第6段的最后一句conditions that worsen fires,偷换动词worsen与improving;选项D的a shift in the view of是出现在第五段,时态错误,原文是would require,选项是has taken place。

39. [D] understand the interrelations of man and nature

细节题。根据题干overly simplified ,fail to定位在第八段,Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. 找到that的指代在上文,“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” 人类与环境是相联系的,并且是相互作用的。正确答案D的interactions是原文的原词复现,man and nature同义替换原文的human... and landscapes。干扰项A原文未提及;选项B的human systems是原词,但是并无mechanism偷换概念;选项C的landscape和human是原词出现,但添加无关信息maximize。

40. [B] come to terms with

细节题。根据题干Professor Balch,及man should,定位到尾段It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.” B答案达成协议即该句的同义转述。干扰项A的do away with是废除;选项C的pay a price for是付出代价;选项D的keep away from远离。

Part B

41. 【E】Jay Deuwell--- says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff

competition.

根据Jay Deuwell定位到第五段,For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwel,直接通过词汇复现秒杀。

42. 【A】Jason Stenquist--- says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working

with tools.

根据Jason Stenquist定位到第七段,he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.” he says.直接通过词汇复现秒杀。

43. 【G】Birgit Klohs--- says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young

people’s parents.

根据Birgit Klohs定位到第八段,remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs直接通过词汇复现秒杀。 44. 【B】Rob Spohr --- points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much

skill. 根据Rob Spohr定位到第十段,There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. 直接通过词汇复现秒杀。

45. 【F】Julie Parks --- points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into

manufacturing. 根据Julie Parks定位到第十一段,Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance.直接通过词汇复现秒杀。

Section III Translation

46. 【参考答案】

我的梦想一直都是在时装设计和出版领域找一份工作。中学毕业前的两年里,我选修了一门缝纫和设计课程,并想着能再继续参加一个时装设计的课程。然而,在学习这门课程的过程中,我意识到,将来在这个领域,我是无法与那些富于创新精神的精英们相比的。于是,我断定这条路万万行不通。在申请上大学之前,我对所有人都讲我想学新闻学,原因

在于,写作曾经是并且现在也一直是我最喜欢的事情之一。但是,说实话,我当时之所以这样说,是因为我认为从事时装设计不过是我的一个梦想,我也知道,没有人能想象出我会从事时装设计的工作!因此,我决定寻求与时尚相关的课程,其中就包括写作。就是这个时候,我注意到了“时尚媒体与其振兴” 这门课程。

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. 【参考范文】 Dear Professor Williams,

I felt much honored when I received your invitation to give a presentation about Chinese culture to the international students of your college. I would much like to do this job. So I am writing to tell you something about the presentation to be given.

In my presentation, to make it clear, it is divided into three aspects. First and foremost, what is Chinese culture? Secondly, what kinds of distinguishing features do Chinese culture have? What’s more, how to protect and develop Chinese culture, especially in this diversified world. I believe these knowledge will help the foreign students obtain a deeper understanding of Chinese culture.

Once again, thank you very much for your invitation. I am really looking forward to seeing you and sharing these with all of the international students.

Yours sincerely, Li Ming

Part B

48. 【参考范文】

As is clearly demonstrated in this chart, the number of museums and their visitors in China have increased in varying degrees. From the year of 2013 to 2015, museums took a sharp rise, increasing from 4,165 to 4,692. During the same period, the sum of visitors has witnessed a dramatic change, jumping from 637.8 million in 2013 to 781.1 million in 2015.

It is no difficulty for me to come up with some factors to account for the notable growth. To begin with, alongside the prosperity of economy, the increasing emphasis has been attached to

spiritual enhancement and richness by people. In addition, museum, as a carrier of Chinese profound culture, has been made its entry free, which largely contributes to the increase of visitors. What’s more, relevant government departments strengthen the construction of cultural infrastructure to satisfy the requirement of the increasing visitors.

With the development of China, the upward trend is bound to continue for some time in the future. From my perspective, it is a positive trend and should be encouraged, for it is not only beneficial for the preservation and rejuvenation of our heritages but also conducive to the cultural diversity of the world.

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