I. 易混淆的动词词组辨析 第一组spend/ take /cost
①spend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。” 例句:
1)The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.(那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)
2)She spent lots of money on books last year.(去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)
②take前常以it作形式主语,作“做某事需要花多少时间。” It takes +(人)+时间+ to do sth.
1)How long does it take you to finish the work?(你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?)
2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.(我花了一个小时修理自行车。)
3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.(说真话需要很大的勇气。) ③cost的主语通常是事物,即指 ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱
1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.(这块手表花了我200块钱。) 2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.(写本小说要花很多时间。) 3)The girl's bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.
(那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。) 注意:cost的过去式,过去分词都是cost。 第二组speak/say/tell/talk
①speak说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词。
1)The students speak English very fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。)
2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.(首相就国际形势发表了演说。)
3)She always speaks ill of others.(她总是说别人的坏话。) ②speak的习惯用语: Generally speaking 一般而言 Frankly speaking 坦白地说 Strictly speaking 严格地说 not to speak of 且不说;更不用说
1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.(一般而言,男人比女人强壮。
2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。)
④say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句,(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”,习惯用法
1)She said ,“I love you.”(她说:“我爱你。”) 2)Say goodbye to them.(跟他们说再见。) 3)She says she is busy.(她说她很忙。)
4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.(我的表是十点整。)
5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。
6)It is said that she has been away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了)
7)It goes without saying that education is important.(不用说,教育是重要的。)
8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school. (Tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。) ③ ①tell说谎;讲故事;说实话 1)Don't tell a lie.(不要说谎。)
2)She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。)
3)We should always tell the truth.(我们应该永远说实话。) ③ ②tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句
1)Sometimes we can't tell right from wrong.(有时我们无法辨别是非。)
④talk连续地说话;习惯用法
1)What are the girls talking about ?(那些女孩们讲什么?)
2)Young people like to talk politics.(年青人喜欢谈论政治。) 3)I talked over the matter with her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。) 第三组take /bring/carry/fetch
①take作“带去”“拿去”解;从近处把东西送到远处 例句:
1)She'll take her children to the park.(她要带孩子去公园。) 2)It's raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you.(下雨了;你最好把雨伞带上。)
②bring“拿来;带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外 1)Bring the dictionary to me.(把字典拿给我。)
2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow. (明天你来的时候,请把你的报告带来。) ③carry作“携带,带去;搬运”解
1)She always carries a red handbag.(她总是带一个红色手包。) 2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.(请把这台电视搬到楼上去。) ④fetch作“去…取来,拿来;叫某人来”解
1)The football is over there. Fetch it please. (足球在那边呢,请把它拿回来。)
2)Fetch the police at once. We've found the robber. (马上去叫警察来,我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。) 第四组wear/put on/ dress
①wear穿着,戴;留,表示“状态”是及物动词需加宾语
例句:
1)She always wears a pair of glasses.(她总是戴着一副眼镜。) 2)He wears a black jacket today.(今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。) ②put on穿上,戴上,表示“动作” 例句:
1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office. (老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。)
2)Put on the gloves .It's cold outside.(戴上手套外面很凉。) ③dress作“穿着…的衣服”解;给某人穿衣服不用写衣服 例句:
1)She is dressed in red.(她穿着红衣服。)
2)The mother dresses the child every day.(那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。)
第五组do /make
①do“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”,如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词,如do wrong(犯错)。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有: ①do one's ②do (the) some ③do sb. a favor帮人忙 ④do with利用;忍受;需要 ⑤do away with废除
⑥do without用不着;不需要
⑦do nothing but do除了做…以外什么也没做 ⑧do business做生意 例句:
1)I'll do the dishes today.(今天我来洗盘子。) 2)I've done my homework.(我已经做完了作业。) 3)Crying does harm to you.(哭对你没有益处。) 4)Will you do me a favor?(能否帮我一个忙?)
5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business.(我们做生意没有电话是不行的。)
6)The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class. (新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。)
7)I did nothing but watch TV last night.(昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。)
8)Who does your hair?(平常是谁给你做头发的?)
②make“作”,表示“制造”,其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes 制做衣服;make后常跟一些可数名词. 例句: 1) They have make great progress in learning English. (在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。) 2)Who is going to make a speech today?(今天谁来演说?) 3)Don't make a noise.嘘!(不要出声。)
4)She makes her living as a teacher.(她作教师来维持生计。)
第六组lie/lay/lie
1)lie不及物动词,躺;位于 lie—lay—lain—lying
例句:①Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方。) ②She has lain in bed for three days.(她已经在床上躺了三天了。) 2)lay及物动词,放置;下蛋 lay—laid—laid—laying
例句:①These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。) ②He laid his hand on my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上。) ③lie不及物动词,说谎 lie—lied—lied—lying
例句:①Don’t lie to me.(别骗我。)
②She lies about her career.(她编造她的经历。) 第七组 hear/listen to
①hear听见;是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息
例句:The deaf cannot hear.(聋子听不见。)
②listen是一种“有意的动作。如后面有宾语则需加to;如没有宾语,listen后不可加to。
例句:①Listen, somebody is crying.(听,有人在哭。) ②I listened but heard nothing.(我注意听了,但没听见什么。)
③Listen to me.(听我说。) 第八组 sit/set/seat
①sit不及物动;坐;就座; sit—sat—sat—sitting
例句:①He sat at the table writing a letter.(他坐在书桌旁写信。) ②Sit here until she comes back.(坐在这里等她回来。) ③set安置;下沉;点燃;出考题;定时;树立(榜样) set—set—set—setting
例句:①Tom, set the table for dinner.(Tom,摆好桌子准备吃饭。) ②He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.(他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。)
③My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我们老师试题出得非常难。)
④The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(太阳从东方升起从西方落下。) ③seat使坐;容纳
seat—seated—seated—seating
例句:①)The theater can seat at least 2000 people.(这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。)
②Please be seated.(请坐下。)此句等于Sit down please. ③He seated himself next to her.(他坐在她的旁边。)
第九组
rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse
1)rise(太阳、月亮)升起,起来;(物价)上涨;(水)高涨 rise—rose—risen—rising
例句:①Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.(每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。)
②Prices have risen quickly.(物价快速上涨了。) ③She rose to her feet.(她站了起来。) 2)raise举起;养育;募款 raise—raised—raised—raising
例句:①Raise your hand please.(请你把手举起来。)
②The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm.(这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。)
③They are raising founds for the expedition.(他们正在筹募探险的基金。)
④arise(问题、困难)发生、产生、出现;起(风、雾) arise—arose—arisen—arising
例句:①A strong wind arose this morning. (今天早上刮起强风。) ②A different problem has arisen.(不同的问题发生了。) ③A mist arose from the lake.(湖上起雾了。) ④arouse通常表示比喻或情绪方面的“激发” arouse─aroused─aroused─arousing
例句:①The book aroused my interest in learning English. (这本书引起我对学习英语感兴趣。)
②The speaker aroused the anger of the audience.(演讲者激起了听众的怒气。)
③rouse通常表示比较具体的“叫醒”或“唤醒” rouse─roused─roused─rousing
例句:①The sound roused him from reflection.(声音使他从深思中惊醒。)
②The lies he heard about his friend roused his anger.(听到有人对他朋友造谣,使他怒火中烧。) 第十组 lend/借出borrow
1)lend+人+物=lend+物+to+人
例如:①Please lend me your dictionary.=Please lend your dictionary to me.
(请把你的字典借给我。)
②I will lend you $200, but I can’t lend money to him.(我借给你200美元,但我不能借钱给他。) borrow借入
borrow+物+from+人
①She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library.(她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。)
②He often borrows money from me.(他经常从我这儿借钱。) 第十一组 fall/feel/fell/fail/
fall─fell─fallen落下;跌倒 fall asleep睡着/fall behind落后
例句:①An apple fell to the ground.(一个苹果落在地上。) ②Be careful on the ice or you will fall.(在冰上要小心,否则你会跌倒。) feel─felt─felt
feel like+doing sth.想要;feel sleepy.想睡 例句:①Can you feel your heart beat violently? (你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗?) ②Both my legs didn’t feel.(我的双腿没有感觉。)
③I suddenly felt a pain in my back.(我突然感到背部疼痛。) ④Do you feel like taking a walk?(你想不想去散步?) fell─felled─felled砍伐
例句:A lot of trees were felled last night.(昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。) fail─failed─failed失败
例句:He has failed in English exam again.(他英语考试又没及格。) 第十二组
win/beat,win─won─won
win a prize得到奖品;win a war打了胜仗;win a game赢得比赛;
win an election选举获胜
例句:①Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.(昨晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。)
②Who do you think will win the beauty contest?(你认为那场选美谁会获胜?)
③beat─beat─beaten,beat是打败了对手
例句:①He beat me in the race.(他在赛跑中赢了我。)
②We have beaten their team for 3 years.(我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。)
③My heart beat fast at the sight of her.(一看见她,我的心跳就加快。) 第十三组
cure/recover/restore/heal
1)cure——cured——cured 治疗(疾病) 物+cure+人+of+病=人+be cured of+病
例句:①This medicine will cure your headache.(这种药会治好你的头痛病。)
②The doctor cured her of a cold.(医生医好了她的感冒。) ③She was cured of her disease.(她的痛被治好了。) 2)recover——recovered——recovered 恢复(健康);痊愈;复元与from连用
例句:①After a few days' rest, she has recovered her health.(休息几天后,她已恢复健康。)
②They haven't recovered from the shock yet.(他们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。)
3)restore——restored——restored 使…恢复健康;修复;重建
例句:①The doctor restored the girl to health.(医生恢复了那个女孩的健康。)
=The girl was restored to health.
②The workers have already restored the ruined temple.(工人们已修复了这座毁坏的寺庙。)
4)heal——healed——healed,主要指伤口的治愈;消除;平息。 例句:①His wound is not yet healed.(他的伤口尚未痊愈。) ②Time heals all broken hearts.(时间可以消除一切忧伤。) 第十四组 reach/arrive/get to
1)reach——reached——reached,及物动词到达,不加to等分词。 例句:They will reach Shanghai tonight.(今晚他们将抵达上海。) 2)arrive——arrived——arrived,不及物动词到达,加介词in(大地方)at小地方。
例句:①I'll phone you when I arrive in New York.(我到纽约后会给你电话。)
②What time will they arrive at the airport?(他们什么时候会到达机场?)
3)get——got——gotten(got)
不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达,但接地点副词时不加to。 例句:①What time does the train get to Beijing?(火车什么时间到达北京?)
②When I set to Japan, I'll write to you.(我到了日本就给你写信。) ③They got home safely.(他们平安到家。) 注①:此处home是副词不能加to。 注②:“到达”reach=arrive at (in)=get to 第十五组 hang/hang
1)hang——hanged——hanged,及物动词吊死;处(人)绞刑;上吊。
例句:①He hanged himself last week.(上星期他上吊自杀了。) ②The man was hanged for murder.(那个男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。) hang——hung——hung,及物动词把…挂上;把…吊起。
例句:①She hung curtains over the windows.(她把窗帘挂上窗上。) ②A picture is hung on the wall.(墙上挂着一幅画。) 第十六组 affect/effect
1)affect——affected——affected;及物动词对…影响,感动(人的)心,使感动
例句:①The noise from the street affected our study.(马路上的噪音
影响我们学习。)
②Her story affected us deeply.(她的故事深深地打动我们的心。) 2)effect——effected——effected,及物动词使产生;实现…(目的),造成…(结果)
effect很少作动词用,通常只跟change连用。
例句①It will effect, no change of importance.(不会引起重大的变化。) 第十七组 thank/appreciate
1)thank——thanked——thanked,感谢,后接人
例句:①You don't have to thank me.(你不必向我道谢。) ②She thanked me for my help.(她感谢我帮忙。)
③appreciate——appreciated——appreciated,感激;欣赏,后接事或物
例句:①I greatly appreciate your help.(我很感激你的帮助。) ②She doesn't appreciate good English poetry.(她不会欣赏好的英语诗歌。) 第十八组
choose/select/elect/pick out 1)choose——chose——chosen
挑选;选拔;选择,指凭自己的判断力在人或物中进行挑选,而不强调精选。
例句:①I'd like to choose a new tie for me.(我想给自己挑一条新领带。)
②I want to choose her a nice present.(我想要挑选一份精美的礼物送给她。)
③The football players chose him as their team leader.(足球队员们选他当队长。)
2)select精选;挑选;选定,强调慎重考虑后的选择。
例句:①The farmer taught us how to select seeds.(这位农民教我们如何选种。)
②She was selected from among many applicants.(她是从许多报名者中选拔出来的。)
③Have you read selected works of Lu Xun?(你读过《鲁迅选集》吗?)
3)elect选举;推选
例句:①We elected her monitor.(我们推选她为班长。) ②We elected him mayor.(我们选他为市长。) ③pick out 认出;挑出;挑选;多用口语
例句:①I picked out an old friend in a crowd.(我从人群中认出了一位老朋友。)
②She picked out the shoes that match the dress.(她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。) 第十九组
join/join in/take part in/attend
1)join及物动词加入(团体,组织,参军)、同……一起干或玩、连接
例句:①I joined the Party in 1975.(我1975年入党。)
②His brother joined the army two years ago.(两年前他哥哥参军。) ③They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.(他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。) 2)join in 参加(某些活动)
例句:①May I join in your discussion?(我可以参加你们的讨论吗?) ②Many people join in the game every year.(每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。)
③He joined in the work without a second thought.(他未加思索地参加了那项工作。)
3)take part in 参加(群众性活动,会议等)参加者持积极态度,起一份作用。
例句:①A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday. (昨天许多学生参加大扫除。)
②A lot of college students took part in the movement last year. (去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。) 4)attend 出席,参加,到场;上学
例句:①Did you attend the meeting last week?(上星期你出席会议了吗?)
②He was ill so he didn't attend his classes.(他生病了,所以没上学。) 注意:attend的词语搭配
attend a ceremony 参加典礼;attend a funeral 参加葬礼;attend a lecture 听演讲;attend a concert 听音乐会;attend church 上教堂 第二十组 beat/hit/strike
1)beat——beat——beaten (连续地)打;击败;(心)跳动
例句:①My heart is beating fast.(我的心跳得很快。)
②They beat us in the match.(在这次比赛中,他们把我们击败了。) ③The rain was beating on the windows.(雨点敲打着窗子。) 2)hit 打;击中;想出(后接on)
例句:①The football hit him in the eye.(足球打在他的眼睛上了。) ②He hit on a good idea.(他想出了一个好主意。)
③He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down.(当他倒下时,头重重地碰到地板上。) 3)strike——struck——struck
打;敲;打动(心);擦(火柴);报时;突然想到,用途较广。 例句:①Strike while the iron is hot.(趁热打铁。)
②Don't strike the man with a stick.(不要用棒子打那个男人。) II. 易混淆的名词词组辨析 1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数, cloth指布,为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number
amount后接不可数名词, number后接可数名词 a number of students
4. family, house, home
home 家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画
Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word
vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people
population人口,人数,people具体的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way
road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道路,途径
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject
course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)a summer course 12. custom, habit
custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do, habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
14. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习 Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson
作\"课\"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture学术性的演讲,讲课 a series of lecture on… 17. officer, official
officer部队的军官,official政府官员 an army officer 18. work, job
二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数 a good job 19. couple, pair
couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers
20. country, nation, state, land
country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.
21. cook, cooker
cook厨师,cooker厨具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages
damage不可数名词, 损害,损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman
police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question
problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask, answer连用 25. man, a man
man人类,a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken
二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph
当电报解时,telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph
28. trip, journey, travel, voyage
travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize
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