英语毕业论文introduction

China is an oriented country with five-thousand-year-old history, attracting tourists from all over the world. Covering an area of 9.6milliom square kilometers, China has abundant tourism resources, boasting of spectacular natural sceneries and cultural relics. China’s tourism industry has undergone an unprecedented growth. According to World Tourism Organization (WTO) forecast, China is set to become the world’s largest tourism destination and the fourth major source of tourists by 2020.Therefore, tourism has become a significant industry in the national economy.

After the opening-up and reform policy, China has received millions of foreign visitors who are attracted by China’s natural landscape and human culture. To help foreign tourists know China well and to make a good impression on them, Tour Commentaries, as a forcible medium, plays an irreplaceable role while the translation of them is of equal importance.

Tour is a linguistically communicative activity between the translator and tourists and all kinds of linguistic communication have an inherent feature that is cooperation. The most famous and systematic notion of what linguistic cooperation mean is Grice’s description of some effects of communicative activities (Hickey, 2001). Many translators and scholars have contributed to the theory applying to the translation. Hicky(2001)said that the Gricean account is developed primarily with spoken conversation in mind, however it does written texts, he pointed out that it is feasible to argue that the fact of translation severs this connection, or the very translation text severs the connection between the writer’s intentions and the target-language readers’ recognition of them.

And domestically, Duan Haiyan(2007)and Zhang Jin（2008）pays much attention to the features of language in English introduction in her paper without clear and classified translation methods. Other scholars discuss translation skills of Tour Commentaries from different angles, Chen Gang (2002) points out that the translator should develop cross-cultural consciousness in five aspects and suggests some translation strategies to solve the problems in TC. Zeng Dan (2006) discusses the

translation strategies in terms of the functional theory and has a further exploration on the translation of dynasty, historical figure culture proper noun. Xiong Linlin(2007) gives an in-depth discourse analysis at the macro-level of Tour Commentaries on the basis of Nord’ discourse model on relevance theory.

The contents of TC are relevant to the local characters, Zhangjiajie is no exception. Located in the northwest part of Hunan Province, Zhangjiajie is a place with pleasant scenery of typical Karst formation and multiple ethnic minorities including Tujia ethnic minority and Miao ethnic minority. Many data about scenic spots in Zhangjiajie have been collected for detailed analysis in this study，which is to improve the quality of tourism translation and to attract more foreigners to visit China. The author collected brochures, books and notices and websites about the scenic spots in Zhangjiajie which will be cited for the analysis in the thesis．A comparative analytical case-study method will be adopted, and this contrastive analysis is conducted from lexical and syntactic features to discourse norm and culture conventions．Source texts and target texts of the tourist commentaries are paired up for analysis．Examples are employed to illustrate the applied translating methods．The purpose is to give a tentative reconstruction of the translation process based on CP．

After the collection of TC, it can be found that the quantity of TC’s translation unconsciously is not satisfied. There are many problems in the TC of scenic spots in Zhangjiajie: not united proper nouns, ambiguous expressions, unnecessary prolixity, unbelievable legends, irrelevant interpretations, and exaggerations etc. In this study, four maxims will be applied to analyze the problems during the translation of the source texts; finally some suitable translation strategies are put forward based on Grice’s CP and its four maxims with practical examples to improve the quality of TC translation of Zhangjiajie.