中学教师资格认定考试(高级英语学科知识与教学能力)模拟试卷30(

中学教师资格认定考试（高级英语学科知识与教学能力）模拟试卷

30 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 简答题 3. 教学情境分析题 4. 教学设计题 5. 阅读理解

单项选择题

1．There is no doubt that the ______of these goods to the others is easy to see. A．prestige B．superiority C．priority D．publicity

正确答案：B

解析：考查名词辨析。句意为“相比其他产品，这些物品的优势还是很明显的”。prestige“威望”；superiority“优势”；priority“优先权”；publicity“出版”，故选B。

2．Jim has few friends because he is such a______ person. A．belligerent B．gregarious C．generous D．beneficent

正确答案：A

解析：考查形容词辨析。句意为“吉姆几乎没有任何朋友，因为他是一个______的人”。bel—ligerent“好争吵的”；gregarious“爱社交的”；generous“慷慨的”；beneficent“仁慈的”，故选A。

3．The prices of fridges have been ______ recently. A．pressed B．brought out C．cut off

D．brought down

正确答案：D

解析：考查词义辨析。句意为“最近冰箱的价格已经降低了”。press“压榨”；bring out“取出”；cutoff“切断”：bring down“(价格)降低”。故选D。

4．It is said that the agreement ______ between the two companies last month will become effective from May 1st.

A．to sign

B．to be signed C．signed D．signing

正确答案：C

解析：考查非谓语动词。signed…month短语做后置定语修饰agreement。agreement和sign之间为被动关系．因此用过去分词。句意为“据说上个月两家公司签订的协议将会在5月1日生效”。故选C。

5．It was the training that he had as a young man______made him such a good orator.

A．that B．what C．which D．who

正确答案：A

解析：考查强调句。该空用that构成强调句型的基本框架：It was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。强调的是the training(that he had as a young man)。句意为“正是他年轻的时候所接受的训练使他成为一名如此优秀的演说家”。

6．___, I agree with you. Practically speaking, however, I don’t think your idea would work.

A．In general B．In public C．In practice D．In principle

正确答案：D

解析：考查介词短语辨析。in general“通常，大体上，一般来说”；in public“公开地，当众”；inpractice“实践中，实际上”；in principle“大体上，原则上”。根据句意，应该是“原则上，我同意你的意见，但从实际来讲．我不认为你的想法是可行的”。故选D。

7．Which word should not be stressed in the sentence “On behalf of the whole team, I would like to thank you for your great support.”?

A．on B．behalf C．to D．I

正确答案：C

解析：考查句子重读。一般来说，句子中的实词如名词、动词、形容词等要

重读。而虚词如冠词、连词、介词等大多不重读。但是当介词在句首时，这个介词一般要重读。故本题答案为C。

8．The phrase I’d like to involves______phenomenon. A．progressive assimilation B．liaison

C．regressive assimilation D．plosive

正确答案：D

解析：考查不完全爆破。“爆破音[t]，[d]+边音[l]”型需由舌两侧爆破，在词中或短语中则形成不完全爆破。

9．Which of the following groups are complementary antonyms? A．good—bad B．buy—sell C．above—below D．boy—girl

正确答案：D

解析：考查词义关系。词汇之间的反义关系有三个主要次类：等级反义关系(gradable antonymy)、互补反义关系(complementary antonymy)和反向反义关系(converse antonymy)。good—bad互为等级反义关系，buy—sell和above—below互为反向反义关系，boy—girl互为互补反义关系。

10．X: He likes dogs. Y: He likes animals. The relationship of X and Y is that “______”.

A．X is synonymous with Y B．X is inconsistent with Y C．X entails Y

D．X presupposes Y

正确答案：C

解析：考查语句之间的涵义关系。A项表示“同义关系”，B项表示“矛盾关系”，C项表示“蕴涵关系”，D项表示“预设关系”。分析题干可知，他喜欢狗，那么他一定喜欢动物；他喜欢动物，但不一定喜欢狗。因此，由X能推出Y，但是由Y推不出X，X包含Y。故选C。

11．In an English class, the teacher, firstly, plays the radio and asks students to listen to the tape and understand the dialogue. Then, the teacher asks students to read after the tape to imitate the pronunciation. Next, the teacher asks students to repeat the dialogue in pairs ... What teaching method does the teacher use in this class?

A．Communicative Approach.

B．Task-Based Teaching Approach.

C．The Audio-Lingual Approach. D．The Audio-Visual Approach.

正确答案：C

解析：考查英语教学法。根据题干描述可知，这位老师采取的是“听音理解对话的含义一模仿一重复”这样一个教学过程，由此可知，该老师用的是听说法。故选C。A项“交际法”，B项“任务型教学法”，D项“视听法”(又称“情景法”)。均不符合题意。

12．When teaching pronunciation, the teacher asks students to practice the certain pronunciation in a speaking context. Which principle does the teacher comply with?

A．Long-term development. B．Comprehensiveness. C．Pertinence.

D．Communication.

正确答案：D

解析：考查语音教学的原则。根据题干，老师在教语音的时候让学生在语境中练习语音，体现了交际性原则．故D项正确。

13．______ may be defined as any kind of engaging with the language on the part of the learners, usually under the teacher’s supervision, whose primary objective is to consolidate learning.

A．Presentation B．Practice C．Production D．Preparation

正确答案：B

解析：考查3P教学法。presentation是“新课展示”，是对新课内容进行教学的，practice是“练习”．练习是针对所学内容进行训练与巩固的，production是“产出”，产出是指在熟练掌握所学内容的基础之上进行提高的部分，preparation是“准备”，准备通常是指在课前进行准备。因此正确答案为B：

14．In______drills, the students change a given structure in a way so that they are exposed to other similar structures, which also helps them have a deeper understanding of how the structures are formed and how they are used.

A．substitution B．transformation C．comprehension D．communicative

正确答案：B

解析：考查语法教学。在语法练习中，机械操练有两种常用方式：替换操练

(substitution drills)和转换操练(transformation drills)。题干中叙述内容属于转换操练的内容。故选B。

15．Which of the following is a suitable pre-listening activity? A．Writing a similar text.

B．Discussing a relevant picture.

C．Writing all the main information about the topic. D．Note-taking and gap-filling.

正确答案：B

解析：考查听力教学。题目问的是：“下列哪个活动是适合在听前环节进行的?”该题考查听力教学中的“听前环节”。听前环节主要包括准备活动、介绍相关背景知识、安排学生通过讨论相关图片、预测文章的内容或学习与该主题相关的词汇等。但是A项“写相似的文章”，C项“把所有关于文章的主要信息写下来”。D项“记笔记和填空”，这三项均不适合在“听前”进行。故选B。

16．In writing, which step is used to get students to think freely and put down all possible ideas related to the topic that come to their minds?

A．Proofreading. B．Revising.

C．Brainstorming. D．Mapping.

正确答案：C

解析：考查写作教学。在“头脑风暴”阶段，学生可以自由畅想跟话题有关的观点，并记下来。

17．Classroom language can also be called in-class language, which is the specially-used language system by both teachers and students in classroom teaching. Which of the following is not consisted in it?

A．Spoken language. B．Body language. C．Spelling language. D．Written language.

正确答案：C

解析：考查课堂用语。题目的意思是“课堂用语是教师和学生在课堂上实施教学的语言．下列哪项不包含在其中?”课堂用语包含书面语、口语、肢体语言。书面语的英文书写是“written language”。故选

C．

18．Identification of______is the key to analysis of learning needs. A．students’ levels B．learning goals

C．teaching environment D．teaching materials

正确答案：B 解析：考查学习需求分析。教学设计一般包括学习需求分析、学习内容分析、学习者分析、教学策略设计、教学过程设计等，其中学习需求分析的关键是学习目标的确定。故答案选B。

19．Which is the most advantageous relationship mode between teachers and students for the development of students?

A．Managerial mode. B．Permissive mode. C．Arbitrary mode. D．Democratic mode.

正确答案：D

解析：考查师生关系模式。句意为“为了学生的发展，教师和学生之间最有益处的关系模式是什么”。A项”管理型模式”，B项“放任型模式”，C项“专制型模式”，D项“民主型模式”。民主型师生关系是师生双向良性互动的结果。教育过程中，教师积极引导学生正确认识、理解教师，培养学生的民主意识，强化学生的主体意识，教师和学生在民主的基础上确立共同的目标，师生关系融洽，学生的学习效果自然就好了。故选D。

20．In English teaching, teachers should NOT pay attention to______. A．providing independent learning and communicating opportunities for students B．correcting students’ mistakes and errors in the process of learning immediately

C．encouraging students to discuss, cooperate, experience, practice, and explore the way to master English

D．cultivating students’ interest

正确答案：B

解析：考查英语教学方式。B项不正确，学习过程中不应马上纠正学生的错误。

简答题

21．词汇的用法包括哪些内容?简述词汇用法的呈现与讲解方法，从中选取两种方法进行举例说明。

正确答案：词汇用法包括词汇的搭配、短语、习语、语域(词汇有正式与非正式、褒义与贬义、抽象与具体之分)等。词汇用法呈现方法包括举例、解释、同义词、反义词、问答、结构图等。词汇的用法也可以利用上下文呈现和学生生活学习中的实际情景讲解，使学生在语境中正确理解词的用法，归纳总结词的用

法．使学生养成在语境中理解词义的习惯。例一：教师在呈现charge这个单词的时候，可以先举例“校长管理学校”，进而告诉学生charge这个单词意为“管理”的意思。接着教师就可以呈现词组“in the charge of”，并教授学生该词组的意思为“某人掌管某事”。例二：教师在呈现完介词“practical”后，利用“practical”来讲解“impractical”的用法，对比说明二者的用法。

教学情境分析题 22．下面是某教师在一堂针对高一年级学生听力课的听力材料及某一个教学步骤的记录。听力材料：一篇关于世界石油争端问题的新闻Teacher：Now listen to the tape carefully and answer the questions on PPT．Teacher：OK．Who can answer the questions?(个别学生对问题进行了回答，但是都没有回答对)Teacher：No one can answer?OK．Let’s listen again．Teacher：OK．Now，can anyone answer the questions?(再听一遍之后依然没有学生回答正确)Teacher：Now，look at the script of the listening material and answer the questions．…根据上面所给的信息，从下列三个方面作答：(1)请问所描述的教学情境属于听力教学的哪一个教学步骤?此步骤的教学目的是什么?(2)请分析为什么没有学生能够正确回答关于听力材料的问题?请分析其可能原因。这位老师的教学步骤存在什么问题?(3)请根据存在的问题提出相应的建议。

正确答案：(1)此教学情境属于听力教学的听中(while-listening)部分。此教学步骤的目的是通过各种听力练习活动，达到理解信息和训练技能的目的。(2)原因：本课程的授课对象为高一年级学生。但是老师所提供的语言材料是讨论石油争端问题的新闻，所以可以判断．学生不能正确回答问题主要是因为听力材料的难度高于学生应有的听力水平。除此原因外，也可能是问题的设置较难．超出了学生的认知能力和语言水平。也可能是因为学生对此话题并不感兴趣，而且听力理解的练习活动是问答式．较为传统，所以学生参与度和热情度并不高。存在问题：①听力材料难度高，不符合学生的听力水平。听力材料话题较为严肃，不能吸引学生的兴趣。②老师的提问没有做到面向全体学生．只是针对个别学生进行了提问。③在提问之后，要对学生的回答予以反馈。但是老师并没有做出任何评价，而是又进行了下一个步骤。④第二次听完之后，虽然依然没有学生能够正确回答问题，但是老师应该帮助学生努力回答问题，而不是放弃听的活动．直接看听力文本。这样并没有达到此堂课训练听力理解能力的目的。(3)建议：①选取适合学生听力水平、能够吸引学生兴趣的听力材料。适当调整听力理解练习的活动，例如可以加上小组竞赛等方式．也可以将问答题改为填表格等较为新颖的练习活动。②在设计问题时．首先检验问题的难度是否符合学生的认知能力和语言水平。使用的语言和话语能够为学生理解和接受。同时．在对学生进行提问时，要尽可能照顾到大部分学生，不要只提问一些学生，要给予每个人机会。或者可以给学生分组，可以让学生先在小组内互相发言，发表自己的看法，然后选代表进行发言来回答问题．这样可以让每一个学生都有机会思考及检验自己的答案．同时也可以提高学生的参与度。③在学生回答问题之后，必须给予学生反馈，并给予一定的鼓励，增加学生的自信心。④在学生回答之后，首先可以降低问题的难度，例如，可以用paraphrase的方式解释问题的内容，让学生理解问题。然后可以针对每一个问题，给学生放录音，让学生听相应的段落，降低听力的难度。

采用分组讨论的形式，先讨论问题的答案，再请小组代表来回答问题，并给予相应的反馈。

教学设计题

23．设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的英语阅读教学方案。该方案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：teaching objectivesteaching contentskey and difficult pointsmajor steps and time allocationactivities and justifications教学时间：20分钟学生概况：某城镇普通高中一年级学生，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。语言素材：Festivals around the World Festivals and CelebrationsFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’ s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the DeadSome festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’ s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honor PeopleFestivals can also be held to honor famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honors the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honor Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’ s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy moon cakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include

parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’ s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.

正确答案：Teaching Contents:This is an article about different kinds of festivals around the world. Teaching Objectives:(1)Knowledge objectives① Students can understand some new words and expressions in this text: origin, religious, ancestor, incense, skull, dress up, play a trick on sb., grateful.② Students can know different kinds of festivals around the world.(2)Ability objectives① Students can improve their reading skills of prediction, skimming and scanning. ② Students can talk about festivals and customs around the world in groups.(3)Emotional objectiveStudents develop the awareness of respecting the different festival customs in different countries. Teaching Key and Difficult Points:(1)Teaching key pointStudents can understand the new words and expressions and different kinds of festivals around the world.(2)Teaching difficult pointStudents can improve their reading and speaking abilities.Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Pre-reading(5 minutes)(1)DiscussionAsk students to discuss in groups about the following questions:① What Chinese traditional festival do you know?② When is it celebrated?③ Why is it celebrated?Then ask the whole class to fulfill a chart together as follows:(Justification: To arouse students’ interest in the topic about festivals and pave the way for the following steps.)(2)PredictionShow students the sub-titles “Festivals and Celebrations, Festivals of the Dead ...” and ask them to predict which Chinese festival will be mentioned in the text.(Justification: To make students classify the festivals and be curious about festivals in other countries, and train students’ reading ability of prediction.)Step 2 While-reading(10 minutes)(1)SkimmingAsk students to conclude the main idea of each paragraph by reading the first sentence of each paragraph quickly.(Justification: To train students’ reading ability of skimming.)(2)ScanningAsk students to quickly read the text again by reading the key words of festivals or countries and fill in the following chart.(Justification: Students’ reading ability of getting the general ideas and locating the specific information can be trained and improved by skimming and scanning practice.)(3)Careful readingAsk students to read the passage carefully and answer the true or false questions.( )① The ancient people needn’t worry about their food.( )② Halloween used to be a festival intended to honor the dead.( )③ Mohandas Gandhi helped gain India’s independence from the USA.( )④ Thanksgiving Day is held to celebrate harvest.( )⑤ Easter celebrates the birth of Jesus.Suggested answers:①F ②T③F ④T ⑤F(4)ParaphrasingParaphrase the new words and phrases together with students.origin: an event that is a beginningreligious: that is connected with religionancestor: people from whom you are descendedincense: a substance that produces a sweet smell when burneddress up: to put on beautiful clothes to appear attractiveplay a trick on sb.: deceive sb.grateful:

thankful(Justification: To help students better understand the reading material.)Step 3 Post-reading(5 minutes)(1)RetellingAsk some students to retell the text in their own words according to the key words in the chart above. Other students can give clues.(2)Group workImagine that we are celebrating a festival. Ask students to use the information given in the text to discuss how to celebrate it. Then ask two groups to show their ideas.(Justification: To help students consolidate what they have learned in this lesson and exercise their speaking ability. Besides, students’ cooperative awareness is cultivated.)

阅读理解

In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990. 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1, 000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1, 000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’ s turbulent past, today’ s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.

24．The word “homogenizing”(Para. 1)most probably means______. A．identifying B．associating C．assimilating D．monopolizing

正确答案：C 解析：词义题。返回原文第一句找到“homogenizing”，这句话以“in spite of”开头，表示一种让步，换而言之．“homogenizing”应该和前文中的“difference”形成对比；另外在后半句的解释中又出现了“uniformity”，必然是“homogenizing”的同义替换。通过上下文能知道“homogenizing”应该是“同化，一致”的意思，因此选C项。identifying“识别，鉴别”；associating“使联系，使联合”；monopolizing“独占，垄断”均排除。

25．According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century______. A．played a role in the spread of popular culture B．became intimate shops for common consumers C．satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite

D．owed its emergence to the culture of consumption

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据关键词“department stores of the 19th century”定位到第一段，此题可用排除法。根据Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite，these were stores…可知department stores不同于intimate shops，且intimate shops是面向知识精英阶层的，由此排除B、C两项。D项因果倒置，根据Peo—ple are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores可知是the e—mergence of 19th-department stores在前，the culture of consumption在后。A项意为“在传播大众文化中起了重要作用”，正确。

26．The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ___ A．are resistant to homogenization

B．exert a great influence on American culture C．are hardly a threat to the common culture D．constitute the majority of the population

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。根据关键词“immigrants now in the U．S．”定位到第二段。C项就是第二段首句“but is hardly poisonous”的同义替换。该段首句的特殊结构not…but说明了现在美国移民的特点：能融入共同文化(common culture)，表达这一意思的只有C项。A项与第二段第二句“nor resistant to assimilation”明显相反；B项与第二段首句“not be altogether elevating”相反；文中只讲述了三个同化的标志“language，home ownership andintermarriage．”并没有提及人口的问题，因此D项是一个文中未提及的信息。

27．Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

A．To prove their popularity around the world. B．To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. C．To give examples of successful immigrants.

D．To show the powerful influence of American culture.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。第五段就一句话，前半句说全世界遥远乡村里的孩子都是像施瓦辛格和布鲁克斯这样的超级明星的粉丝，后半句说一些美国人害怕美国的移民仍在一定程度上不受美国同化力量的影响。Yet提示转折，这表明前半句含有“美国的移民受到了美国同化力量影响”的意思，也就是说，美国文化有强大的影响力，故D项正确。本文的主题是美国在吸收移民方面的成功，即美国文化的同化能力很强，并不讨论移民个人的成功，由此可排除A、C项。B项“揭示了公众对移民的害怕”，既与主题不符，也与原文中some Americans不符，偷换概念。

28．In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is______.

A．rewarding B．successful C．fruitless D．harmful

正确答案：B

解析：态度题。通读全文，可以发现作者从好几个方面讲到了美国吸收移民的成功，比如说移民到第三代的时候基本上忘掉了原来的语言，新移民的家庭一般高于50％的人都拥有自己的房子等等，所以正确答案为B项。注意题干中的“absorption”就是文中的“homogenize”和“assimilate”两个词的“同义替换”。文章第二段第一句话 “Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture，which may not be altogether elevating butis hardly poisonous．”讲了移民融入美国文化“is hardly poisonous”=“is hardly harmful”，所以D项不能选。本文并没有着重强调美国吸收移民是有好处的、有回报的，而只是强调吸收移民的过程的成功，所以A项是偷换概念。

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter)of fish

species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’ s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.

29．The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that______. A．large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment B．small species survived as large animals disappeared C．large sea animals may face the same threat today D．slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。根据题十定位到第一段。文中前四句具体讲述了史前大型动物灭绝的事实及部分原因——由于大型动物容易被狩猎，导致其迅速灭亡，最后一句说“相似的事情正发生在海洋当中”。之后各段落的内容均描写了海洋中生物的情况。因此作者是利用大型史前动物的灭绝来引出海洋物种同样面临着由于人类过度捕捞而灭绝的这个话题，故正确答案是C项。A、B、D项都没有能够表达出作者的这个意图，而只是很浅层地去分析表象。

30．We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that______. A．the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90% B．there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago C．the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount

D．the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。根据题干关键词Dr Myers and Dr．Worm’s paper定位到第二段。最后一句讲：一个新的渔场在被开发后的15年中大型食肉鱼类的生物量平均减少了80％．在长期捕捞的区域．生物量在那基数之上又减少了一半。也就是说，新的渔场开业后的15年。生物量减少了80％，在剩余的20％生物量中，一些渔场之后又减少了一半，减少到了10％．可见正确答案是A项。

31．By saying “these figures are conservative “(Para. 3), Dr. Worm means that______.

A．fishing technology has improved rapidly

B．the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded C．the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss D．the data collected so far are out of date

正确答案：C 解析：推断题。根据关键词conservative定位到第三段。第一句提到Dr．Worm承认这些数据是保守的，接下来列了三个原因解释为何数据保守。第一个原因：捕鱼技术进步了，意味着近年捕到的鱼更多了，目前海洋里的生物量与过去的生物量差距比记录的更大。第二个原因：早年用鱼线钓鱼，实际钓到的鱼的量没有预计的多，所以过去海洋里的生物量其实更大。第三个原因：早年用鱼线钓到的许多鱼在上岸之前被鲨鱼吃掉，可是现在鲨鱼也很少了。这三个原因都是在说明．现在的海洋生物量含量与过去相比下降很快。也就是说本段的主旨句“这些数据是保守的”的含义为：现在海洋生物量含量与过去比较已经大大减少了，因此可以得出C项正确。A项是原因之一，以偏概全。B项与原文表述相反。D项的说法没有根据。

32．Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that______.

A．people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time B．fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass C．the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level

D．people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。本题提到“Dr．Myers”和其他一些研究者的主张，题干中用到了“hold”，而其近义词就是“argue”，定位到最后一段第一句。也就是说，“人们应该根据变化的形势调整捕鱼数量的基准”，所以正确答案是D项。A项“人们应当去寻找一个能够在更长时间有效的基准线”、B项“渔场应当把产量控制在生物量的50％以下”、C项“海洋生物量应当恢复到原来的水平”．均与原文意思不符合。

33．The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ______. A．management efficiency B．biomass level

C．catch-size limits

D．technological application

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。通读全篇，可以看出作者最关心的是海洋生物量的变化，因此正确答案选为B项。A项提到管理效率，显然不是本文的重点。C项在文中最后一段有提及，说明了捕鱼量的限制，但是显然不是文章的主题。D项提到技术的使用．也不是主要信息。