大学英语六级分类模拟题446

(总分：460.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 二、(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

The Birth of Scientific English

A. World science is dominated today by a small number of languages, including Japanese, German and French, but it is English which is probably the most popular global language of science. This is not just because of the importance of English-speaking countries such as the USA in scientific research; the scientists of many non-English-speaking countries find that they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience.

B. Given the prominence of scientific English today, it may seem surprising that no one really knew how to write science in English before the 17th century. Before that, Latin was regarded as the lingua franca for European intellectuals.

C. The European Renaissance (c. 14th～16th century) is sometimes called the \"revival of learning\a time of renewed interest in the \"lost knowledge\" of classical times. At the same time, however, scholars also began to test and extend this knowledge.

D. The emergent nation states of Europe developed competitive interests in world exploration and the development of trade. Such expansion, which was to take the English language west to America and east to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism (and hence the invention of the compass), improvements in cartography and—perhaps the most important scientific revolution of them all—the new theories of astronomy and the movement of the Earth in relation to the planets and stars, developed by Copernicus (1473-13). E. England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicized Copernican ideas with enthusiasm. Some of these scholars, including two with interests in language—John Wall\"s and John Wilkins—helped Found the Royal Society in 1660 in order to promote empirical scientific research.

F. Across Europe similar academies and societies arose, creating new national traditions of science. In the initial stages of the scientific revolution, most publications in the national languages were popular works, encyclopaedias, educational textbooks and translations. G. Original science was not done in English until the second half of the 17th century. For example, Newton published his mathematical treatise, known as the Principia, in Latin, but published his later work on the properties of light—Opticks—in English.

H. There were several reasons why original science continued to be written in Latin. The first was simply a matter of audience. Latin was suitable for an international audience of scholars, whereas English reached a socially wider, but more local, audience. Hence, popular science was written in English.

I. A second reason for writing in Latin may, perversely, have been a concern for secrecy. Open publication had dangers in putting into the public domain preliminary ideas which had not yet been fully exploited by their \"author\". This growing concern about intellectual properly rights was a feature of the period—it reflected both the humanist notion of the individual, rational scientist who invents and discovers through private intellectual labour, and the growing connection between original science and commercial exploitation.

J. There was something of a social distinction between \"scholars and gentlemen\" who understood Latin, and men of trade who lacked a classical education. And in the mid-17th century it was common practice for mathematicians to keep their discoveries and proofs secret, by writing them in cipher,

in obscure languages, or in private messages deposited in a sealed box with the Royal Society. Some scientists might have felt more comfortable with Latin precisely because its audience, though international, was socially restricted. Doctors clung the most keenly to Latin as an \"insider language\".

K. A third reason why the writing of original science in English was delayed may have been to do with the linguistic inadequacy of English in the early modern period. English was not well equipped to deal with scientific argument. First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world in an objective and impersonal way, and to discuss the relations, such as cause and effect, that might hold between complex and hypothetical entities.

L. Fortunately, several members of the Royal Society possessed an interest in language and became engaged in various linguistic projects. Although a proposal in 16 to establish a committee for improving the English language came to little, the society\"s members did a great deal to foster the publication of science in English and to encourage the development of a suitable writing style. M. Many members of the Royal Society also published monographs in English. One of the first was by Robert Hooke, the society\"s first curator of experiments, who described his experiments with microscopes in Micrographia (1665). This work is largely narrative in style, based on a transcript of oral demonstrations and lectures.

N. In 1665 a new scientific journal, Philosophical Transactions, was inaugurated. Perhaps the first international English-language scientific journal, it encouraged a new genre of scientific writing, that of short, focused accounts of particular experiments.

O. The 17th century was thus a formative period in the establishment of scientific English. In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. It is estimated that by the end of the 18th century 401 German scientific journals had been established as opposed to 96 in France and 50 in England. However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary, and new, specialised, professional societies were instituted to promote and publish in the new disciplines.（分数：20.00） (1).In seventeenth century Britain, those profound thinkers combined their interests in science with an enthusiasm in how to express ideas.（分数：2.00）

解析：E[解析] 题干意为：在17世纪的英国，那些先进的思想家将他们对科学的兴趣与对如何表达想法的热情结合在一起。定位于原文E段，1660对应seventeenth century, interests in language对应an enthusiasm in how to express ideas。故选E。

(2).The worldwide scientists have to write their essays in English if they want to attract audience from different countries.（分数：2.00）

解析：A[解析] 定位于A段第二句，This is not just because of the importance of

English-speaking...they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience. 不仅因为美国这样的英语国家在科学研究中的重要作用，而且因为许多非英语国家的科学家为了拥有更多的国际读者，他们需要用英语写论文。即题干大意，如果想要吸引来自不同国家的读者，全世界的科学家需要用英语写论文。故选A。

(3).Scientific English developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.（分数：2.00）

解析：O[解析] 根据19世纪这一关键词，定位于原文O段。However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution...意为“但是在19世纪，因为工业的兴起，科技英语在词汇量上再次大幅增长。”题干中as a direct result of industrial revolution是原文as the industrial revolution的同义替换，词汇量上增长即科技英语发展之意。所以，正确答案是O。

(4).The another reason for writing in Latin instead of in English is to keep discoveries secret.（分数：2.00）

解析：I[解析] 题干意为：用拉丁文而不用英语写作是因为想将发现的东西保密起来。定位于原文I段第一句A second reason for writing in Latin may, perversely, have been a concern for secrecy. 看起来有点荒谬，但用拉丁文写的第二个原因是考虑到保密性。与题干大意相符，故选I。

(5).An early scientific journal fostered a new kind of writing based on short description of specific experiments.（分数：2.00）

解析：N[解析] 根据关键词an early scientific journal定位于N段第二句。题干意为，早期的科学期刊促进了一种新的写作风格，即基于对具体实验的简洁描述。题干early对应the first\对应encourage, short accounts of particular experiments对应short description of specific experiments。所以，正确答案选N。

(6).Since the importance of scientific English nowadays, it is difficult for us to imagine that few people could write science in English before 1600s.（分数：2.00）

解析：B[解析] 题干意为：因为如今科技英语已非常重要，我们很难想象在1600年前，很少人会在科学文章中用英语写作。定位于原文B段第一句，题干since the importance of与原文given the prominence of为近义替换，it may seem surprising“看起来很不可思议的”，即难理解的意思。所以，正确答案是B。

(7).One reason for writing of popular science in English has been the concern for a majority of audience.（分数：2.00）

解析：H[解析] 根据关键词popular science定位于H段第三句。拉丁文适用于国际学者，但英语可以被大多数读者所理解，所以大众科学用英语写成。a majority of audience对应a socially wider。所以，正确答案是H。

(8).In Britain, scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.（分数：2.00）

解析：K[解析] 根据关键词technical vocabulary和grammatical resources定位于K段，意为在英国，科学家担心英语缺乏技术词汇和语法来表达思想。所以，选择K段。

(9).Luckily, scientists associated with the Royal Society set about developing English.（分数：2.00）

解析：L[解析] 根据关键词Royal Society定位于L段。题干意为，幸运的是，科学家与皇家学会联合发展英语。与L段第一句意思相符，故选L。

(10).In mid-17th century, the desire to protect ideas seems to have been strong, especially in the case &mathematicians and doctors.（分数：2.00）

解析：J[解析] 题干意为：在17世纪中期，对知识的保护欲望似乎更强烈，尤其体现在数学家和医生的例子上。根据关键词数学家和医生定位于J段，此段列举数学家和医生用大多数人不用的语言来记录事宜，说明对知识产权的重视和保护。

三、Part Ⅱ Translation(总题数：10，分数：440.00)

1.

《红楼梦》

明清时代，古典小说蓬勃发展，出现了中国文学史上的“四大名著”，它们是《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》和《红楼梦》。《红楼梦》是中国古典文学中艺术性(artistry)和思想性(ideology)结合得最好的一篇小说，是中国文学中伟大的现实主义杰作。这部小说以贾宝玉和林黛玉的爱情悲剧为线索，描写了封建官僚贾、王、史、薛四大家族，特别是贾家的衰落过程，揭露了封建统治者的罪恶，说明了封建王朝必将衰落的历史命运。

（分数：20.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：

A Dream of Red Mansions

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, classical novels were flourishing. It was in this period that the four classic novels of Chinese literature, namely, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions were written. In China\"s classical literature, A Dream of Red Mansions is the best one in combining artistry with ideology and it is also considered a masterpiece of Chinese realistic literature. Based on the tragic love story of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, the novel describes the decline of four feudal noble families, that is, Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue, especially Jia, revealing the sins of the feudal rulers and telling us the historical fate of the doomed feudal dynasty.

2.史料证明，面条起源于中国，已有四千多年的制作和食用历史。面条是一种制作简单、食用方便、营养丰富的健康食品。中国面条种类繁多，根据不同的产地、成分、形状或宽窄以及制作方式，各具特点。面条是大多数地方饮食中重要的一部分，不仅仅是在中国，在新加坡以及其他有大量海外华人居住的东南亚国家也是如此。中国面条一般是由小麦粉或米粉做成，小麦面条的制作和食用在中国北方比较普遍，而大米面条则更多是中国南方的特色。

（分数：106.50）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：Historical records prove that noodles originated from China, and have been produced and consumed for more than four thousand years. Noodles are a kind of healthy food, which is simple to make, convenient to eat, and rich in nutrients. There are a great variety of Chinese noodles, which vary according to their region of production, ingredients, shape or width, and manner of preparation. They are an important part of most regional cuisines within China, as well as in Singapore, and other Southeast Asian nations with sizable overseas Chinese populations . Chinese noodles are generally made from either wheat flour or rice flour, with wheat noodles being more commonly produced and consumed in northern China and rice noodles being more typical of Southern China.

3.苏州是中国著名的历史文化名城(historical and cultural city)。俗语有“上有天堂，下有苏杭”来形容苏州和杭州的美丽和繁荣。苏州地江三角洲，地理位置优越，气候湿润。旧时许多退休后来到苏州养老。苏州素以“园林城市”闻名于世。明清时期，苏州出现了一批园林艺术家。最盛时期，苏州的私家园林和庭院达到280余处，有很多至今保存完好并对外开放。如今，苏州园林不断推出特色旅游活动，每年吸引中外游客近千万人次。

（分数：10.00）

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解析：Suzhou is a famous historical and cultural city in China. The saying \"Suzhou and Hangzhou are Paradise on the Earth\" vividly describes the beauty and prosperity of Suzhou and Hangzhou. Located at the Yangtze River Delta, Suzhou has good geographical advantages with humid climate. In the past, many officials came to Suzhou for living after they retired. Suzhou is known as \"City of Gardens\" all the time. At the time of Ming and Qing dynasties, there were a number of artists on landscape architecture in Suzhou. At the peak time, there were more than 280 private gardens and courtyards in Suzhou, many of which are well preserved by now and opened to the public. Today, numerous tourism activities are launched on Suzhou gardens, which attract nearly ten million tourists from home and abroad each year.

4.青藏铁路(the Qinghai- Railway)于2006年7月1日通车运营，开创了人类铁路建筑史上的新时代，被美誉为“天上的铁路”(the Sky Way)。青藏铁路的最高点5072米，即便是秘鲁(Peru)安第斯山(Andes)上的“高空铁路”也不能与之相比。“天上的铁路”从青海省的省会西宁至拉萨(Lhasa)，全长约1956千米，其中至少960千米穿行在平均海拔4000米的“天上”。青藏铁路通车揭开了旅游业的新篇章(turn

a new leaf)，利用青藏铁路的便利旅游的人数激增。因此，通过“天上的铁路”进藏旅游很受中国游客的欢迎。

（分数：106.50）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：The Qinghai- Railway was completed and began operating on July 1, 2006. Its construction is an epoch-making event in the global railroad history and it is called the \"the Sky Way\". The Qinghai- Railway\"s highest point is 5,072 meters, making it even higher than Peru\"s famous railway running through high Andes. The Qinghai- Railway runs from Xining, the capital city of Qinghai Province, to Lhasa, for 1956 kilometers and at least 960 of these kilometers go through areas that are 4,000 meters high. The operation of the Qinghai- Rail-way has turned a new leaf for an tourism with a speedy increase of tourists who have been taking advantage of the great convenience offered by the railway. Touring by \"the Sky Way\" has become very popular with Chinese travelers.

5.梁山伯与祝英台(Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai)的故事是中国民间四大传说之一。相传祝英台女扮男装在杭州追求自己的学业。在和梁山伯共同学习三年后，祝英台爱上了这个才子。在告别之前，祝英台一再地暗示她对对方的爱慕，梁山伯却没有理解。当了解了祝英台的意图后，梁山伯去了祝家提亲(propose marriage)。然而，祝英台已经被她的父亲许配(betroth)给了另一个男人。梁山伯悲痛不已，最终离开了人世。在结婚的那天，祝英台到梁山伯的坟墓前殉情(die for love)。后来，这对爱人变成了一对彩色的蝴蝶。

（分数：17.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()

解析：The story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai is one of the four Chinese folk legends. The Legend of Liang Zhu goes like this: to pursuit her studies in Hangzhou, Zhu Yingtai disguised herself as a man. After studying for three years together with her schoolfellow Liang Shanbo, Zhu Yingtai fell in love with the intellectual. Before the farewell, Zhu Yingtai dropped hints again and again to Liang Shanbo who failed to understand it at that time. Later, after being clear about Zhu Yingtai\"s intentions, Liang Shanbo headed for the Zhu\"s family to propose marriage. Unfortunately, Zhu Yingtai had been betrothed by her father to another man. Liang Shanbo was so grieved that he finally passed away. Zhu Yingtai headed for Liang Shanbo\"s tomb to die for love on the day when she got married. Later on, the lovers turned into a pair of colored butterflies. 6.

重庆

重庆位于中国西南部，长江上游。它是一座举世闻名的山城，最突出的特点是地形起伏有致，立体感强。重庆凭借长江“黄金水道”之便，依托丰富的资源和广阔的市场，从汉代起就是长江上游的工商业重镇，如今更发展为集重工业、轻工业、贸易等为一体的经济、政治和文化中心。重庆处处都有中国传统文化的印痕，历代诗人如李白、陆游等，都在这里写有许多脍炙人口的名篇佳句。此外，重庆还是川菜的主要代表地域之一。

（分数：20.00）

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解析：Chongqing is a well-known mountain city that lies in the Southwest China in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Its most outstanding characteristic is that the terrain rises and falls and causes a strong three-dimensional effect. Relying on the convenience of the \"golden waterway\"

of the Yangtze River and the abundant resources as well as the broad market, Chongqing has been an important industrial and commercial strategic place in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River since the Han Dynasty. Now, it has even developed into a key city of economy, politics and culture incorporating heavy industry, light industry, commerce, etc. into an organic whole. There are traces of traditional Chinese culture everywhere in Chongqing. Poets of every dynasty such as Li Bai and Lu You all wrote a lot of immensely popular and beautiful articles and lines here. In addition, Chongqing is one of the major representative areas of Sichuan cuisine.

7.相比于一些发达国家，中国高速铁路起步较晚，但十年间中国已经成为世界上高速铁路发展最快的国家。无论是基础建设、运营里程，还是技术经验和经营管理，中国高铁均在稳步、快速的发展进程中逐步向世界证明自身的能力。近年来，无论是 外交访问 (diplomatic visit)还是国外领导访华，我国领导人都会向外推介中国高铁，让中国高铁成为代表中国产品的名片，让世界见证中国的实力。中国高铁的向外输出在一定程度上标志着中国从技术引进走向 自主创新 (independent innovation)，在发展上实现了质的飞跃。

（分数：106.00）

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解析：Although China developed its high-speed railway relatively later than some developed countries, it has become a country with the fastest development of high-speed railway in the world in just ten years. In the course of steady and breathtaking development, China Railway High-speed (CRH) has gradually proved to the world its own capability in terms of infrastructure construction, operating mileage, technical experience, and operations and management. In recent years, either during the diplomatic visits or when foreign leaders visit China, China\"s leaders have introduced and recommended CRH to the outside world，making it a business card of China\"s products and having the world witness China\"s strength. The export of CRH indicates to some extent that China has made a quantum leap of development from introduction of technology to independent innovation. 1．相比于……较晚：可译为relatively later than，如果前后分别处理，单独把“相比于”翻译为compared with，句式则会显得过于复杂。

2．快速的发展：可译为fast development，考虑到第一句已经用过fastest，为了避免译文用词单调，可译为breathtaking development。

3．无论……还是……：本文出现两次，可采用不同的翻译方式。这里可以把前一句处理为简单的并列；把后一句用either...or连接。

4．代表中国产品的名片：此处翻译时用了介词of来体现“代表”，更加简洁；如译为a business card that represents China\"s products则稍显烦琐。 5．质的飞跃：一般较固定地译为a quantum leap。 8.

逆境的意义

逆境(adversity)指的是人们在生活中遇到的困难、不幸，遭受的挫折。人生在世，每个人都会遇到逆境，它在人们的成长和成熟的过程中起到了重要的作用。人们看待它的态度决定了它对人们的影响。用积极的态度看待逆境，我们的生活会变得丰富而多彩，我们的性格也会变得成熟。逆境其实是一种挑战和考验，能使人的潜力发挥到最大。它可以帮助人们树立战胜困难的信心，促使人奋进，在与逆境的战斗中完善自己，这就是逆境的意义所在。

（分数：20.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：

The Significance of Adversity

Adversity refers to difficulties, misfortunes and setbacks encountered by people in their lives. Adversity exists in everyone\"s life. It plays an important role in the process of people\"s growth and maturity. People\"s attitude towards adversity decides its influence on them. Adopting a positive attitude towards adversity will make our lives rich and colorful, and our character mature. Adversity is actually a challenge and trial, which can bring one\"s potential into full play. It can help people build up confidence to overcome difficulties and urge people to move forward, improving them in the fight against adversity. That is the significance of adversity. 9.春节年夜饭(spring Festival Eve Feast)也叫“团圆饭”，在中国是一顿非常重要的晚餐。“团圆”是指“聚在一起”。除夕全家人聚在一起吃年夜饭是必不可少的家庭活动。在这个特殊的日子，南方人和北方人对他们所吃的食物有着不同的说法。在中国北方，年夜饭的传统菜肴是饺子(dumplings)。饺子的形状要么是新月(crescent)形，要么是半月形。中国南方人在这个特殊的日子吃年糕(niangao)——用糯米(glutinous rice)做的糕，因为年糕含有“每年都越来越高”的意思。

（分数：14.00）

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解析：The Spring Festival Evc dinner also called \"tuanyuan fan\" in Chinese is an extremely important dinner. \"Tuanyuan\" means \"getting together\". On the New Year\"s Eve all family members getting together for dinner is an indispensable family activity. Southerners and northerners have different views about the food they eat on this special day. In northern China, a traditional dish for the feast is dumplings. They are shaped like a crescent or half moon. The southerners in China eat niangao—a cake made of glutinous rice flour, on this special day because niangao implicates the meaning of \"higher and higher every year\".

10.唐代文化是中国文化的一个高峰。尤其是古典诗歌到唐代发展到全盛时期。在唐代300余年的历史中，产生的流传于后世的诗歌就有48,900多首。如此丰富的作品也使2,300多位诗人在历史上留下了他们的名字。唐诗在创作方法上，现实主义与浪漫主义并举。唐代最著名的诗人是李白和杜甫，他们都是具有世界声誉的诗人，后人将他们合称为“李杜”。

（分数：20.00）

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解析：The Tang Dynasty witnessed a peak in Chinese culture. Especially, ancient poetry flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In more than 300 years of the Tang Dynasty, some 48,900 poems were produced and handed down. So many works also made more than 2,300 poets famous in history. As far as the writing technique is concerned, the Tang poetry combined realism and romanticism. The best-known poets of the Tang Dynasty were Li Bai and Du Fu, who are very prestigious in the whole world and people of later generations called both of them as \"Li Du\" collaboratively.