H3C路由学习笔记-静态路由

1、进入系统视图

Startup configuration file does not exist.

Performing automatic configuration... Press CTRL_D to break. ------------------------按Ctrl + D键终止设备查找自动配置 Automatic configuration attempt: 1.

Not ready for automatic configuration: no interface available. Waiting for the next...

Automatic configuration is 按Ctrl + D键后放弃自动配置的尝试 Line aux0 is available.

Press ENTER to get 到这里系统启动完毕，按回车键

%Aug 22 09:19:53:318 2014 H3C SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: TTY logged in from aux0. --------------再按一次回车键

system-view [H3C]

2、修改路由器名称 sys

[H3C]sysname 名称

如将默认的路由器名称改为RoNetwork_Dept，Ro表示设备类型为路由器，Network_Dept表示部门名称，以后看到这个名称就知道这是什么设备、在什么位置。建议以后都采用这种方式来给设备命名，以方便管理。 [H3C]sysname RoNetwork_Dept [RoNetwork_Dept]

如果要恢复默认名称，使用undo sysname命令： [RoNetwork_Dept]undo sysname [H3C]

3、显示路由表 （1）IPv4

显示路由表概要信息：

[RoNetwork_Dept]display ip routing-table

显示路由表详细信息：

[RoNetwork_Dept]display ip routing-table verbose 显示某种路由协议的信息：

[RoNetwork_Dept]display ip routing-table protocol {bgp|direct|guard|isis|ospf|rip|static} 还有其他信息，可使用显示帮助以便选择： [RoNetwork_Dept]display ip routing-table （2）IPv6

只需将IPv4的命令中ip替换成ipv6即可。 4、配置接口 sys

system-view [H3C]int 接口名称 如配置G0/0接口：

[RoNetwork_Dept]int g0/0

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]---------进入接口配置视图 配置IP地址：

-----后面跟掩码长度也行，跟掩码也行 INTEGER<1-31> IP mask length

24 ----24表示掩码长度为24位，和等效

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo shutdown-----激活接口 [RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]dis int g0/0-----查看接口信息 5、信息回显及tracert

为了防止命令被系统输出的消息打断，可以配置信息回显： [RoNetwork_Dept]info-center synchronous

为防止tracert超时，链路两端的设备都要开启以下功能：

[RoNetwork_Dept]ip redirects enable 开启设备的ICMP重定向报文的发送功能 [RoNetwork_Dept]ip ttl-expires enable开启设备的ICMP超时报文的发送功能

[RoNetwork_Dept]ip unreachable enable 开启设备的ICMP目的不可达报文的发送功能 6、配置静态路由 拓扑图：

RoNetwork_Dept端： sys

System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z. [H3C]sys RoNetwork_Dept [RoNetwork_Dept]info sync

Info-center synchronous output is on. [RoNetwork_Dept]int lo0

[RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0]int g0/0

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo sh

[RoNetwork_Dept]%Aug 22 11:45:32:415 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to up.

%Aug 22 11:45:32:416 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to 系统发出的消息，g0/0接口已经up了 [RoNetwork_Dept]dis ip ro

Destinations : 17 Routes : 17

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface ---------使用ping命令测试路由是否配置正确

5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, % packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = ms [RoNetwork_Dept]

RoNetCenter端： sys

System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z. [H3C]sys RoNetCenter [RoNetCenter]info sync

Info-center synchronous output is on. [RoNetCenter]int lo0

[RoNetCenter-LoopBack0]int g0/0

[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo sh [RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit [RoNetCenter]dis ip ro

Destinations : 14 Routes : 14

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface [RoNetCenter]

配置等价静态路由 RoNetwork_Dept端： [RoNetwork_Dept]int g0/1

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1]undo sh [RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1]quit [RoNetwork_Dept]dis ip ro

Destinations : 21 Routes : 22

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface RoNetCenter端： [RoNetCenter]int g0/1

[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1]undo sh [RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1]quit [RoNetCenter]dis ip ro

Destinations : 18 Routes : 19

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface 测试：

[RoNetwork_Dept]

5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, % packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = ms

[RoNetCenter]ping -r-------“-r”表示“Record route”，记录路由 RR: RR: RR: RR: RR:

5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, % packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = ms

---数据包被轮流在两条链路上发送，但是奇怪的是，只从一条链路返回，这与GNS3的Cisco路由器不一样，Cisco的是从哪条链路出去就从哪条链路返回： 参考： R1#ping Protocol [ip]: Repeat count [5]: Datagram size [100]: Timeout in seconds [2]: Extended commands [n]: y Source address or interface: Type of service [0]:

Set DF bit in IP header [no]: Validate reply data [no]: Data pattern [0xABCD]:

Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]: r Number of hops [ 9 ]:

Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[RV]: r % No room for that option

Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[RV]: Record % No room for that option

Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[RV]:

Sweep range of sizes [n]:

Type escape sequence to abort.

Packet has IP options: Total option bytes= 39, padded length=40 Record route: <*> Request 0 timed out Request 1 timed out

Reply to request 2 (32 ms). Received packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40 Record route:

—出去 <*>回来 End of list

Reply to request 3 (48 ms). Received packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40 Record route: <*> End of list

Reply to request 4 (24 ms). Received packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40 Record route: <*> End of list

Success rate is 60 percent (3/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/34/48 ms [RoNetwork_Dept]int g0/0

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]sh -------关闭G0/0接口，看看还能不能ping通

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]%Aug 22 12:11:22:912 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.

%Aug 22 12:11:22:913 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down. quit

[RoNetwork_Dept]

5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, % packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = ms

可见，当其中一条链路down了之后，数据包可以通过另一条链路发往目的地。 配置非等价静态路由： [RoNetwork_Dept]int g0/0

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo sh ----重新激活G0/0接口 [RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit ---删除前面配置的路由 ---删除前面配置的路由

preference 1 –配置非等价静态路由，指定优先级为1 ----采用默认的优先级60，比上一条的优先级低 [RoNetwork_Dept]dis ip ro

Destinations : 21 Routes : 21

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface ---只显示高优先级的路由，出口G0/0 Summary Count : 1

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

[RoNetwork_Dept]int g0/0

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]sh –再次关闭G0/0接口，看看路由表的变化

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]%Aug 22 12:24:56:174 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.

%Aug 22 12:24:56:177 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]dis ip ro Destinations : 17 Routes : 17

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface ----高优先级的路由不可用后，自动使用低优先级的 Summary Count : 1

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

小结：

等价静态路由和非等价静态路由都能提供冗余，确保在一条链路出现故障后仍能保持网络的连通性，但是两者存在差别，等价静态路由除了提供冗余外，还能提供负载均衡，数据包会被平均在两条链路上传输，而非等价静态路由中只有高优先级（低代价）的路由是活动的，只有这条路由因为链路故障或接口关闭等原因导致不可用时，低优先级（高代价）的路由才会被启用。等价静态路由适用于存在多条带宽相同的链路的情况，而非等价静态路由适用于存在多条带宽不同的链路的情况——尤其是存在主链路和备份链路的情况。 7、配置默认路由 拓扑图：

RoNetwork_Dept端： sys

System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z. [H3C]sysn RoNetwork_Dept [RoNetwork_Dept]int lo0

[RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0]int g0/0

[RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo sh [RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit [RoNetwork_Dept]dis ip ro

Destinations : 14 Routes : 14

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

RoSoftware_Dept端： sys

System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z. [H3C]sysn RoSoftware_Dept [RoSoftware_Dept]int l0

[RoSoftware_Dept-LoopBack0]int g0/0

[RoSoftware_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo sh [RoSoftware_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit [RoSoftware_Dept]dis ip ro

Destinations : 14 Routes : 14

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface RoNetCenter端：

%Aug 22 13:53:14:358 2014 H3C SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: TTY logged in from aux0. sys

System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z. [H3C]sysn RoNetCenter [RoNetCenter]int g0/0

[RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo sh [RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0]int g0/1 [RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1]undo sh [RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1]int l0 [RoNetCenter-LoopBack0]quit [RoNetCenter]dis ip ro

Destinations : 19 Routes : 19

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface 测试：

5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, % packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = ms

5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, % packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = ms