高三英语教学设计 task

Skills building 1: listening for discourse markers

1. Discourse markers are a new concept to most of you students. I’d like one of you to read the following radio transcript and pay attention to how the ideas are connected. Underline the phrases in the transcript.

Different colours are often associated with different cultures. Of all the colours, I like green best. There are a variety of reasons for this. To begin with, this colour is often associated with nature. It may remind you of green grass or green willows in spring. In addition, green is thought of as a cold colour which may help people calm down and become less stressed. Staying in a room coloured green, you may keep a cool head. Apart from these, this magical colour can also help you feel comfortable, for example, if you feel tired of working or studying, by focusing on some green trees far away, your eyes will definitely have a good rest. Taking all the above into consideration, I think green has a magic power and is certainly my favourite colour.

2. Please read the guidelines on top of page 26, pay attention to the underlined phrases in the listening transcript, which are discourse markers used to show the connection between what the speaker is saying and what has already been said.

3. Please read the most commonly used discourse markers and their functions on page 26 Step 1: listening to a radio programme:

In this part you will listen to a radio programme about the history of the Tower of London. You are expected to write down the discourse markers that you hear at the beginning of each new section. 1. First, please study the left column of the table on page 26, which introduces the Tower of London, answer some questions:

Who first used the site? (The Romans.)

What happened in 1066? (The Norman Duke William conquered England.) What was the purpose of building the Tower of London? (For protection.) Do kings still live there? (No.)

What were the functions of the Tower? (As a prison, a place for storing and making weapons, a zoo and a safe.)

Which is the most popular part of the Tower? (The Jewel House.) 2. Now I’ll play the recording and you try to finish Part A on page 26. Tapescript Host: The Tower of London is one of the most famous and well-preserved historic buildings in the world, it has been here for more than nine hundred years and over two million tourists visit it each year. Before I explain its history, I must point out that the Tower is, in fact, not just one tower, but a whole complex of buildings surrounded by walls. The soldiers who look after the Tower----and who now also act as tour guides---still live there with their families. To get back to the history, the Romans first used the site over two thousand years ago when they ruled England. The next important date in the Tower of London’s history is one thousand sixty-six. It’s a year that every schoolchild in England knows because that was when the Norman Duke William came from France and conquered England. Well, he built the Tower as a place to protect himself from the English people he had conquered, and to impress them with his power, nevertheless, most of the later kings did not like to live there for long, even though many of them added a number of new towers and other buildings, the Tower was famous for a second function as well----that of a prison--- and by the time of King Henry the eighth, in the sixteenth century, some very famous prisoners were kept there. Moreover, one of these included one of his wives, Anne Boleyn, who was put to death there----by having her head cut off. Another important and perhaps dangerous function of the Tower was that it was used as a place for storing and making weapons, which lasted until the middle of the nineteenth century. At first, swords were made and stored there, and later guns were. It is still possible for visitors to see many of these weapons now. Weapons were not the only dangerous thing stored in the Tower throughout its history. A fourth function and an interesting one was that part of the Tower was used as a zoo, beginning in the thirteenth century and ending in eighteen thirty-two. Many of the wild animals kept there, including lions, were gifts from visitors. From the earliest days of the zoo. These wild animals were used to entertain the royal family and their guests. The final function of the Tower that I want to talk about is that of a safe. From the fourteenth century onwards, the Tower was used to store the royal jewels and the royal wardrobe. All the precious stones, the fine clothes and so on were kept securely in the Tower. From the sixteen hundreds onwards, they were on view to the public. In fact, the most popular part of the Tower for visitors today is the Jewel House, where the precious royal jewels are kept. 3. Listen to the tape again, and check the answers. Answers A (1) in fact (2) to get back to (3) the next important point (4) well (5) nevertheless (6) a second (7) moreover (8) another (9) a fourth (10) the final function (11) in fact 4. Read aloud the instructions of Part B on page 27 and finish the notes with the help of the discourse markers in the right column of the table Tapescript Host: Today we are speaking to Doctor Helen Jones, an expert on the Tower of London. Good mooring, Doctor Jones. First of all, can you tell us about the design of the Tower? Jones: Good morning. Well, first we must understand that when the Tower was built, its purpose was to protect the people inside. Like many castles, it is really like a small town, with a body of water like a river around it and walls between the river and the small town. In other words, it had a water channel with a bridge that could be pulled up to stop enemies from entering the Tower. The most important places within the walls were on the corners, from which any enemy could be shot at. The first weapon used to protect against enemies was the bow and arrow, and later, this was replaced with guns. In addition, the windows in the towers had to be very small, so no one could shoot inside. Host: So why is it called the Tower of London when, in fact, it is not just one tower but a complex of buildings? Jones: It was originally named after one of the buildings in the complex, the Great Tower, which was later called the White Tower when one of the kings had it painted white. Afterwards, kings kept adding more towers and buildings. In fact, there are now twenty-two towers altogether. Host: What other buildings have been built? Jones: Well, now, there are buildings where the staff lives, churches and a great hall that was built for special occasions. Then there is accommodation where the soldiers live and work. There is also a place to store the royal wardrobe and the royal jewels. Over a period of nine hundred years, many buildings have been destroyed and others built, but the main design has stayed the same. Answers B (1) the people (2)water (3)pulled up (4)twenty-two (5) churches (6)soldiers (7)wardrobe (8) jewels 5. Read the instructions in Part C. focus on the executioner, the victims, and when and why the victims were killed. Answers C The executioners: King Henry VIII; King James The victims: Anne Boleyn; Sir Walter Raleigh When and why the victims were killed: Anne Boleyn was killed in 1536 because she had failed to give birth to a son for King Henry VIII. Walter Raleigh was killed in 1618 because he failed to find gold for King James. Skills building 2: stressing syllables and words

1. Group work: Discussion: How to use pauses, intonation and correct pronunciation to communicate with other people in English? When you learn to use a new language to communicate with others, what do you think is very important?( It is vitally important for one to learn how to pronounce a new language correctly as the correct pronunciation helps people understand what you are saying. Good pronunciation also helps people communicate better with each other.) When we are talking, what should we pay attention to?( When speaking English, they need to pay attention to pauses, intonation, correct pronunciation of words and stress in words and sentences) 2. Go over the guidelines on top of page 28, read aloud the following sentences. The weather is good enough for a picnic today.

I’d like to attend the meeting this afternoon, but I’m very busy.

(In the first sentence, we stress the words ‘good’ and ‘picnic’ as they are the most important pieces of information. While in the second sentence, we stress ‘like’, ‘attend’ and ‘busy’ as they are the most important pieces of information.) Step 2: asking about the crown jewels

1. Go through the points in the left column on page 28, list as many questions as possible. 2. Study the answers in the right column.

3. Acting: Work in pairs, making a dialogue. One acts as the tourist and the other as the tour guide. Sample answers Tourist=t Tour guide=G T: Excuse me, sir. I’m very interested in the crown jewels. Could you spare me a few minutes? G: Sure. T: Are the crown jewels real or just imitations? G: Definitely real. T: Are they insured? G: No. Because they are so priceless that no company can insure them. T: That sounds interesting. Then is there anyone who has ever tried to steal them? G: Yes. In 1671, a man called Thomas blood did try it. T: What happened then? G: He did not succeed. Instead, he was caught as soon as he got outside. T: Great. Does anyone still wear them nowadays? G: Yes. For example, the Imperial State Crown is worn at coronations. T: Who was the last person to wear it? G: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. T: When did it happen? G: In 1953. T: Wow. It seems that there are so many stories about them. I really learnt a lot. G: You’re welcome. Skills building 3: writing informally about a formal topic 1. Revise the format of letter

What and how do we write on an envelope?

What information do we need to put on a letter sheet?

2. Read the instructions at the top of page 29 and try to understand how personal comments can be included in a more informal style of writing.

3. Suppose that you have just returned from an art exhibition about Guilin. There were photos and paintings on the topic. Please give your personal comments on the exhibition. What impressed you most?

What was your favourite part of the exhibition? What do you think needs more improvement? What do you think of the exhibition as a whole? Step 3: writing a letter back home

In this part, you are required to write a letter about the Tower of London based on the information you have collected in Steps 1 and 2. You’re expected to practise the skills you have learnt in Skills building 1, 2 and 3.

1. Read the instructions in Step 3, so you can learn that you are going to write a letter about the Tower of London with the information you gathered in Steps 1 and 2.

2. Group work: work in groups of four to write an outline. When writing, you may refer to the words and expressions for giving an opinion in Skills building 3. Make sure that personal comments are included in writing.

3. Check misspelling and ask several groups to read the letters to the class. Possible example 25 Sept. Dear Mum and Dad, Hello from London! I have just come back from the Tower of London and I want to tell you all about it. The Tower of London has a long and interesting history. The Tower is not just one tower, but a whole complex of buildings. the Tower was built in 1066 by the Norman Duke William who conquered England. He originally built it as a palace to protect himself. However, much to my surprise, it was used as a prison later on. I read about one of the sad stories. It says Anne Boleyn was killed by her husband, King Henry VIII, in the Tower because she had failed to give birth to a son. In my opinion, the most popular part of the Tower for visitors is the Jewel House, where I saw the priceless crown jewels. At first, I thought they were just imitations but I was wrong, my tour guide also told me a really interesting story about the jewels. He said a man called Thomas Blood tried to steal the jewels in 1671, but was caught as soon as he got outside. So we were lucky enough to have a chance to see the jewels of great value. I hope you can come and see them one day. Love, (student’s own name) 4. Complete the notes on page 116 in Workbook after listening to the recordings. And then complete the article in Part C on the same page.