1．differ vi
A differs from B = A and B differ from each other. A与B不同． A and B differ in sth. 在某方面A与B不同
sb. differ with sb .on/ about/over sth.与某人在sth上持不同看法 1) The twins look alike, but they differ widely in their tastes. 双胞胎长得很像,但是爱好大相径庭.
2) . 法语在很多方面与英语不同. 3) I’m sorry to differ from you . 很抱歉在那一点上与你看法不同. different a. His two sons are very different from each other. difference n. make a /much /some /no difference to sb./sth. 对...有/有很大/有一些/没有影响,其作用 People greatly differ ______ the views of life. A. from B. in C. at D. to
2. exact a. 精确的,准确的,精密的 It was difficult to tell his exact age. exactly adv. . 1)精确地,准确地
Do ~ as I tell you. . 2)正是如此,完全正确(答语,表赞同)
--You mean someone in the room must be the murderer? --Exactly.
3)not exactly 根本不,一点也不; 用于答语,表示并不真地,不完全 She is not exactly stupid.
—So he told you that you’d got the job? 如此看来, 他说你得到了着法这份工作? — , but he said they were impressed with me. 不完全是这样,不过他说我给他们留下了深刻的印象. to be exact = exactly speaking
3. undertake （undertook undertaken） vt 1) 承担,从事,负责 ~ a task/project
She the organization of the meeting. 他负责这次会议的组织工作. 2) 承诺,允诺,答应 ~ to do /~ that
She our guide. 他同意当我们的向导.
He undertook to finish the work by Friday. 。 The manager undertook that no one would lose their job. . 4. pay off
1)成功,奏效,达到目的;
他的努力工作获得了成功。 Did your plan pay off? ？ 2) pay sb. off 付清工资后解雇
200 workers have been paid off. 200名工人已被付清工资后解雇了. 3) pay sth. off 付清,偿清
I have my loan from this bank. 我已还清了这家银行的贷款. 5. breakthrough 【C】突破，重大进展
make / achieve a breakthrough in sth. 取得突破
Scientists in the treatment of cancer. 科学家在癌症治疗上取得了重大突破。
An important breakthrough in negotiations has been achieved. 谈判已取得了重大突破。 拓展：break through vt /vi
1）突破，冲破 2) （太阳或光从云雾中）透出 3）克服，战胜
Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease. （ ） After the storm the sun broke through the clouds. （ ） He has managed to break through her reserve.（ ） 6. disturbing adj 令人烦的，令人不安的
He has had some experience. 他有过一些使他很不安的经历。 Sorry for disturbing you, sir. 先生，对不起，打扰了。
disturb vt. 1)打扰; 扰乱 2) 妨碍; 妨害; 侵犯(权利) 3)弄乱, 打乱(计划等) disturb the peace 扰乱治安
Please don't disturb him. 请别打扰他。
He disturbed the papers on my desk. 他弄乱了我桌上的文件。
Ex：However, at times this balance of nature is , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A troubled B puzzled C disturbed D mixed 7.cast vt. (cast, cast) 1) 投, 掷, 扔, 撒, 抛
The fisherman cast his net three times a day. 。 2) 投射(光线, 视线, 影子)(on); (眼光)盯住(某物) He cast me a look. 他朝我望了一眼。 cast a look / glance on sth / sb. 浏览/ 瞥 3) 抛弃, 丢弃, 脱落
The cherry trees cast all their blossoms after the storm. 风暴过后, 樱花全部落掉。
cast an anchor 抛锚 cast seed 播种 cast light on sth 使...清楚
The discovery of her diary why she died. 发现了她的日记，澄清了她的死因。
cast sb. down 使沮丧, 使胆寒 （常用被动）
The bad news greatly . 这个坏消息严重的打击了我。
She was much cast down for her failure in the test. 。 Don’t let yourself be by a small failure in the experiment. Try again. A turned down B cast down C put down D made down 8. altogether adv.
1)总共地; 全然地; 一概地
You owe me 68.03 . 你一共欠我68.03英镑。 2) 完全; 总之; 总的说来
That's altogether another question. 。 3) 总而言之
Altogether, our achievements are very great. 总的说来, 我们的成绩是很大的。 9. objection n.
1).反对;异议;不喜欢 [C] [(+to/against)]
Nobody raised any objection right now. 没人反对我现在就做这件事。
I have no objection to their plan. 。 2).缺点 [U][(+to)]
The chief objection to the essay is its inappropriate use of special jargons. 这篇文章的主要缺点是专门术语用得不当。 3).妨碍,障碍 [U][(+to)]
We have and completed the mission on time. 我们排除了各种障碍,并按时完成了任务。 4).反对的理由 [C][(+to/against)]
Father's objection was that the trip was much too expensive. 父亲的反对理由是,作这样一次旅行费用太大。 object n. 1).物体[C]
I don't know the names of the in this lab. 我不知道这个实验室里物件的名称。 2).对象;目标[C][(+of)]
Everything is an object.
3).目的,宗旨[C] What is the of his visit? 他这次访问的目的是什么? 4).【语】宾语[C]
object vi. 反对[(+to)]No one objected to the plan. 。 He objected to . 他反对星期天上班。
The students objected to being treated like children. 学生们反对被当作小孩子。 vt. 反对说 (+that)
Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job. 母亲反对说,吉米身体虚弱,不可承担那份工作。 10. impact
n. 1）冲击,撞击,碰撞[U] 冲击力,撞击力[U]
2)影响;作用 (+on)] have/give/make a strong /great / full impact on 对....有巨大影响
The book its readers. 这本书对读者有很大的影响。 11. forbid vt.
1).禁止,不许 ~ sb. to do / from doing , ~ doing sth., ~ to do sth. Forbid smoking on trains.
Their father . 他们的父亲禁止他们去。 Forbid to take ( ) a picture. 禁止拍照。 2).阻止,妨碍
The typhoon forbade sea voyages. 台风来了,无法航海。 Lack of space forbids the listing for all those who contributed. 篇幅不够，无法列出所有捐款人的姓名。
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